2304_05_Muscular_Sys_Objectives and Notes_02_2_15.docx -...

2304/2101 Human Anatomy
Objectives & Guided Notes
Name: _________________________________ Section: ________ Date: ___________
The Muscular System
Modules 5.1-5.3: Muscle Types, Skeletal Muscle Structure and Skeletal
Muscle Organization
Readings: Ch. 10 and Ch. 11
OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe the functions of the muscular system.
2. Describe the functional features of the muscular system.
3. Define sarcolemma and sarcoplasm.
4. Compare the structure of the three types of muscle tissue, including:
a. cell size and shape
b. number and location of nuclei
c. presence or absence of striations, intercalated discs, gap junctions, and
branching of cells.
5. Compare the functions of the three types of muscle tissue, including whether control
of the muscle is voluntary or involuntary.
6. Compare the location of the three types of muscle tissue.
7. Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle, including the following: muscle fascicles,
muscle fibers (muscle cells), epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, tendons, and
aponeuroses.
8. From superficial to deep, list and describe the connective tissue coverings in a
skeletal muscle.
9. Define the terms tendon and aponeurosis
10. Describe the difference between the 2 types of attachments, direct and indirect,
between muscles and bones.
11. Explain the relationship between the origins and insertions of a muscle.
12. Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle fiber. Be sure to include and define the
following terms: myofibrils, myofilaments, sarcomeres, thin (actin) filaments, thick
(myosin) filaments, sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules and triad.
13. Be able to describe and identify the following structures: A band, H zone, M line, I
band, and Z-disc.
14. Define motor neuron and explain the functions of the dendrites and the axon of a
motor neuron.
15. Explain what a motor unit is and what type of muscle would have a large motor unit
compared to a small motor unit.
16. Describe the innervation of a skeletal muscle. Include and define the following terms:
synaptic terminal (synaptic knob), synaptic vesicle, neurotransmitter, acetylcholine,
synaptic cleft, and motor end plate.
17. Summarize the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction.
18. Name the 3 types of skeletal muscle fibers.
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BIL Biol 2304-Human Anatomy p. 1 of 20

19. Compare the 3 different types of muscle fibers in terms of their diameter, relative
amount of mitochondria, whether the muscle contractions are aerobic or anaerobic,
presence or absence of myoglobin, relative strength of their contractions, relative
period of time they can contract without fatigue.
20. Discuss the relationship among prime mover, synergist, and antagonist muscles.
21. Give examples of muscles that are prime movers (agonists), synergists, and
antagonists.
22. Be able to describe the following types of fascicle arrangements: parallel, fusiform,
convergent, circular, and pinnate (including unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate).