SCH3U - States of Matter and The Kinetic Molecular Theory.pdf

States of Matter and The
Kinetic Molecular Theory

Learning Goals
● I understand the Kinetic Molecular Theory of how molecules move
● I understand the impact temperature has on the movement of molecules
● I can explain how molecules move based on there intermolecular forces
● I am able to convert between different units related to atmospheric pressure
● I am able to explain the relationship between atmospheric pressure and
altitude
● I am able to convert between degree celsius and Kelvin

Kinetic Molecular Theory
&&&'ll substance are made of particles in constant° random motion
How Entities Move#

Kinetic Molecular Theory
±² 9Solids are made of vibrating particles locked in crystal lattice² Adding energy
increases vibration forces ³ie² kinetic energy increases´ until it is greater than
attractive forces between particles² This causes…
µ² 3elting ¶ which occurs when particles slide over each other¶ making…
·² 12iquids ¶ adding still more energy increases the speed of particle motion ³ie²
kinetic energy increases´ until kinetic forces are greater than the remaining
attractive forces between particles² This causes…
¸² '''(oiling ¶ adding still more energy results in particles moving faster ³ie² kinetic
energy increases´ and further apart in random directions¶ resulting in…
¹² ,,-as ¶ only covalent molecules at STP ³standard temperature and pressure´
are gases while ionic compounds need temperatures in the ±ºº’s of o C

Kinetic Energy and Temperature
● As a substance is warmed the kinetic energy of the entities increases²
● This increase in kinetic energy makes the substance feel warmer to the touch²
● If warming continues¶ some of the absorbed energy helps to overcome the attractive forces between the entities¶
resulting in a change of state²
DU]S`VUXQZt[uXU # is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the entities in a substance

Attractive Forces
●