Lecture 14: Sex, Gender, & SexualityOctober 23, 2014FROM LAST LECTURE:Addiction- physical dependenceCravings= psychological dependence9% of US received treatmentRepeated drug use leads to tolerance (worst withopiates/ alcohol)Alcohol + depressants (Xanax)= massive slowdown ofnervous system, coma, deathAlcohol + stimulants (Adderall) = masks effects, leadingto OD risk; chemical by-product more deadly thanindividual parts1).Sexual DevelopmentoSex = biologically male or femaleoGender = psychological and social traits of sexSex differencesGenetic sex: made of x and y differencesFemale is XXMale is XYGenetic mutations can occur: one x, one yGonads are sex glands in endocrine systemSex hormones: androgens/ estrogens; hormones contributeto sexual developmentSexual characteristics:oPrimary- reproductive organsoSecondary- more superficial;breast development and facialhair2). Sexual orientationSexual orientation exists on a: continuum(or spectrum)Defined as: degree of emotional and erotic attractionWith respect to the nature-nurture debate: sexualorientation is primarilynatureEvidence:Differences in brain structures/Maternal immunization hypothesis (each olderbrothers increases odds of a man being gay by 33%)