Test 2- Study Guide - Study Guide Exam 2 Chapter 16...

Study Guide – Exam 2
Chapter 16: Leadership
-Leadership: process whereby an individual influences others to achieve a common goal,
coordinating and guiding a group to achieve goals
1) Occurs between leaders & followers
2) Involves social influence
3) Occurs at multiple levels in an organization (individual mentoring to group
teamwork)
4) Focuses on goal accomplishment
3 MAIN APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP:
(1) Trait: believes we are
born with a leader trait
(2) Behavioral: leadership
styles are based on
behaviors that differentiate
effective leaders from
ineffective
(3) Contingency: leader
style should match
situational characteristics
(aka situational theories)
LEADING VS. MANAGING
Leadership Management
A process in which an individual
influences a group of individuals to
achieve a common goal
Perform functions associated with
planning, organizing, and control
-Deals with interpersonal aspects of a
managers job
Two jobs (leading and managing) are not synonymous
GENDER AND LEADERSHIP
-Women use more democratic/participative leadership style
-Men used more autocratic/directive style
-Men and women were equally assertive
-Women executives scored higher than male counterparts when rated by peers
1 ) TRAIT APPROACHES :
(1) Leadership- Trait Approaches: earliest approaches, believes we are born with a trait to lead
(leader trait)
Stodgill and Mann’s
5 Traits : traits that
differentiate leaders
from followers
Implicit Leadership
Theory : all leaders
have prototypes
which determine their
traits of being an
effective leader
Judge : 2 findings Kellerman’s Bad
Traits :
1

-Intelligence (*best
predictor)
-Dominance
-Self-confidence
-Level of energy
-Task-relevant
knowledge
-We perceive
someone as leader
when they exhibit
behaviors consistent
with our leader
prototypes
-Found that
extraversion
positively correlates
with leadership
effectiveness and
work performance
-Incompetence
-Rigid
-Intemperate
-Callous
-Corrupt
-Insular (disregards
health of group)
-Evil
Leadership
prototypes:
-Empowerment
-Fairness
-Supportiveness
-Found that
personality is more
important than
intelligence
TAKEAWAYS FROM TRAIT THEORY
-There are key traits if you want to be a good leader:
-Task competence (intelligent), interpersonal competence (able to communicate,
demonstrate empathy), intuition, traits of character (moral, integrity), biophysical
traits (energy), personal traits (confident, self-efficacy)
**-We should use Judge’s findings to select leaders in selection process
*-Extraversion positively correlated with leadership effectiveness and
performance
-Justifies the Griggs vs. Duke Power case of personality test to predict business outcome
-Organizations may want to include personality/trait assessments into selection processes;
management development programs can be used to enhance employee’s leadership traits
(ex- before international assignments, need to know how personality is perceived in
another culture)
**-Management should consider conducting member development programs to create
awareness of traits and how they influence behavior – how your personality affects others
2)