ESMANmodule1.docx - Management: A Definition Terry and Rue ...

Management: A Definition
Terry and Rue (1982)
• defined management as “ a process or form
that involves the guidance and direction of a
group of people toward organizational goals or
objectives.”
Stoner(1993)
• states that “ management is the process of
planning, organizing, leading and controlling the
efforts of organization members and of using all
other organizational resources to achieve stated
organizational goals.”
Koontz, O’Donnel and Weihrich (1980)
• point out that “management is the
establishment of an environment for group
effort in such a way that individuals will
contribute for group objectives with the least
amount of such inputs as money, time, effort,
discomfort and materials.
Johnson and Stenson (1978)
• defined management as the “process of
working with and through other people to
accomplish organizational goals.”
Robbins and Coulter (2001)
• refers management as the process coordinating
and integrating work activities so that they are
completed efficiently and effectively with and
through other people
Efficiency
• A vital part of management.
• It refers to the relationship between inputs and
outputs.
• From this perspective, efficiency is often
reffered to as “doing things right”- that is not
wasting resources.
Effectiveness
 Often described as “ doing the right things - that
is, those activities that will help the organization
reach its goals.
 Whereas efficiency is concerned with the means
of getting things done, effectiveness is
concerned with the ends, or attainment of
organizational goals.
Management: Art and Science
 Art
 Involves the “ proficiency in the
practical application of knowledge
acquired through study, experience and
observation.” It also involves the
application of skills and techniques to
achieve desirable results.
 Science
 Body of knowledge that is dealing with
a body of facts or truths systematically
arranged and showing the operation of
acceptable standards and laws.
“ Managing as practice is an art, organized knowledge
about management is a science.”
Functions of Management
Planning
• This is the process of setting the objectives to be
accomplished by an organization during a future
time period and deciding on the methods of
reaching them.
Organizing
• This is the process of identifying, subdividing,
grouping, assigning and coordinating activities
and providing the necessary authority to carry
out the activities.
Staffing

• It is the process of recruitment, selection,
assignment and development of the various
kinds of human resources required by the
organization.
Directing
• The process of communicating with and
influencing subordinate towards the
achievement of organizational goals.
Controlling
• The function of monitoring performance and
undertaking corrective actions to ensure the
attainment of predetermined goals and
objectives of the organization.