Ch 4 Civil Liberties(1)(1) - Civil Liberties Chapter 4...

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Civil Liberties
Chapter 4
xrhombus Civil Liberties – personal guarantees and freedoms that
the government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or
judicial interpretation. These are the limitations on
government.
xrhombus Civil Rights – government-protected rights of individuals
against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by
governments or individual.
o Examples include right of national citizenship, voting equality, and
due process of law.
Definitions

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xrhombus Bill of Rights – First 10 amendments to the US Constitution,
which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties.
xrhombus 9 th Amendment – Makes it clear that enumerating rights in the
constitution or Bill of Rights does not mean that others do not
exist.
o Simply a statement that other rights aside from those listed may
exist, and just because they are not listed doesn't mean they can
be violated
xrhombus 10 th Amendment – Powers not delegated to the national
government are reserved to the states or people.
The Bill of Rights
Post Civil War Amendments
xrhombus 13th Amendment: Freed the slaves (1865) - Neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party
shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction.
xrhombus 14th Amendment: Citizenship, Due Process, Equal Protection (1868)
- All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the State
wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall
abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due
process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws
xrhombus 15th Amendment: Right to Vote (1870) - The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude.

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xrhombus Citizenship Clause - All persons born or naturalized in the
US are citizens.
xrhombus Due process clause – The 5th and 14th Amendments to the
US Constitution contain a due process clause acts as a
safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by
the Government outside the sanction of law.
xrhombus The Incorporation Doctrine made The Bill of Rights
applicable to the States.
xrhombus US Supreme Court has used the doctrine of Selective
Incorporation to determine which rights in the Bill of Rights
apply to the states under the due process clause of the 14 th
Amendment. Fundamental freedoms protected under
selective incorporation include freedom of press, speech and
assembly.