8 Substance Abuse.pdf - SUBSTANCE ABUSE & ADDICTION Atty....

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
&
ADDICTION
Atty. Malaya Capulong, MD, DFM

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
–
➢
The overindulgence in and
dependence of a drug or other
chemical leading to effects that are
detrimental to the individual's physical
and mental health, or the welfare of
others
➢
Refers to the harmful or hazardous use
of psychoactive substances, including
alcohol and illicit drugs.

ADDICTION
➢
A chronic, relapsing brain disease
that is characterized by compulsive
drug seeking and use, despite
harmful consequences.
➢
It is considered a brain disease
because drugs change the brain —
they change its structure and how it
works.

DRUG ABUSE
➢
an intense desire to obtain
increasing amounts of a
particular substance or
substances to the exclusion of
all other activities.

DRUG DEPENDENCE
❖ The body's physical need, or
addiction, to a specific agent.
❖ Long term effects
✓ Physical harm
✓ Behavior problems
✓ Association with people who
also abuse drugs.

DEPENDENCE SYNDROME
➢
A cluster of behavioral,
cognitive, and physiological
phenomena that develop after
repeated substance use

DEPENDENCE SYNDROME -
✓
Strong desire to take the drug
✓ Difficulties in controlling its use
✓ Persisting in its use despite harmful
consequences
✓ Higher priority given to drug use
than to other activities &
obligations
✓ Increased tolerance
✓ Physical withdrawal state.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
ALCOHOL – ethanol/ethyl alcohol
“units” = approx. 8 g of alcohol
1 unit = 300ml beer
= 100 ml glass of wine
= 25 ml spirit measure
“safe” limit = 21 units/week (male) &
14 units/week (female)

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
ALCOHOL
✓ depresses the CNS
✓ primarily absorbed from SI
Excessive alcohol consumption
➢
30% road accidents
➢
25% fatal work injuries
➢
30% drownings
➢
60% homicides
Alcoholics - Inc. Rates of heart dse.,
malignancy & stroke

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Blood Alcohol
(mg/100ml=mg/dl)
Effects
30-50 Impairment of motor skills
50-100 Reduced inhibitions
100-150 Loss of coordination & control
150-200 “Drunkenness”, nausea, ataxia
200-350 Vomiting, stupor, possible coma
350+ Respiratory paralysis, possible
death

Schedule I drugs
• substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs
with no currently accepted medical use and a
high potential for abuse.
• Some examples of Schedule I drugs are:
heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD),
marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy),
methaqualone, and peyote

Schedule II drugs
• Substances, or chemicals are defined as
drugs with a high potential for abuse, with
use potentially leading to severe
psychological or physical dependence.
These drugs are also considered
dangerous.
Schedule III
• Substances, or chemicals are defined as
drugs with a moderate to low potential for
physical and psychological dependence

Schedule IV drugs
• Substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs
with a low potential for abuse and low risk of
dependence.