Exam 1 essay study guide chapters 1 andtheoristsTheorists1.Describe the eight stages of development outlined by Erikson.Explain howan individual progresses through the stages.(8-16 points)Erikson’s Psychosocial theory is broken down into eight stages. These arenamed Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt,Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation,Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair. This essay will describeand explain how individuals progress through the stages.Erikson’s first stage is Trust vs. Mistrust. This stage takes place when achild is born through their first year. As the stage name shows, this is the timewhen a child will develop trust with the people around them or will developmistrust. A common example is a baby with a stranger vs their parents. If astranger holds a baby, it is not uncommon to see a baby be untrusting. Theyshow this by crying and looking for their parents. However, when a parent holdsthe baby, they will usually be trusting. This is because the baby knows that theparents give them everything they need, like food and warmth. Eventually, thechildren may become more outgoing and less afraid of people. This leads intoErikson’s second stage.Autonomy vs. Shame and Guilt is a stage that takes place from one tothree years of age. This is the stage where children may become moreindependent or may doubt their abilities. Throughout these years, children realizethat they can communicate their needs or wants through language. Some will tryto communicate for themselves while others will feel they cannot out of doubt.This is also common with walking and taking their first steps. Some children willwalk sooner and more often than others.After these years, children will move on to the third stage, Initiative vsGuilt. This is similar to the last stage, but includes more activities than the basicwalking, talking, and eating. During this stage, children are three to six years oldand are becoming more curious about the world. Children will try to take on moreadult activities and feel adventurous or will feel guilty because of set rules. If aparent tells their child to stay out of a room, an adventurous child may let theircuriosity get the best of them and go in. However, some children may feel guiltyand will obey their parents.Once children realize they can make their own decisions, they experimentand practice with new ideas and activities. This stage is called Industry vs.Inferiority and takes place from six to eleven years of age. Children in this stage
