Chapter 1
What is Immunology?
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Study of the defense system against infectious diseases. Involved in cell clean-up, cell death. Inflammation
response to injury. Transplants. Vaccines and autoimmune.
Vocabulary
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Pathogen – disease causing microbe.
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Adaptive/specific immune response – comparative to evolutionary respones
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Immunity – resistance to reinfection
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Innate immunity – Immunity that you’re born with.
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Leukocytes – white blood cells
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Granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes
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Antibodies – serum proteins that confer immunity
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Antigen – substance that stimulates antibody production
Immunology people
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Edward Jenner – immunization - 1796
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Koch – Germ theory – microbes are what causes disease – 1905
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Pasteur – vaccination/sterilization – 1870
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Behring – Specificity in serums (Antibody) – 1901
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Metchnikoff – Phagocytosis – 1908
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Medawar – Tolerance
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Yalow – inventing radio immunoassay – 1977
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Benacerraf – MHC
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Jerne – clonality
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Tonegawa – Gene rearrangement - 1987
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Doherty/Zinkernagel – how T cells recognize MHC
What is the immune system?
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Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, lymph fluid, mucous, blood
Cells
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All come from a single progenitor cell – pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow
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Differentiates into CLP (common lymphoid progenitor
NK, T, B) or CMP (common myeloid
progenitor)
T cells differentiate in Thymus, B cells in bone marrow. Both circulate between blood
and peripheral lymphoid tissues
After encounter with antigen, B cells diff into antibody-secreting plasma clls
“” T cells diff into effector T cells.
NK cells lack antigen specificity
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CMP can become granulocyte/megakartocyte, leukocytes, erythrocytes
Myeloid Cells
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Macrophages – tissue bound, come from monocytes. 2-6% of WBC are monocytes. Phagocytose things,
secrete cytokines, antigen presentation (link between innate and adaptive immunity)
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Can also present antigens to T cells
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Dendritic cells – don’t circulate much, located in lymph nodes. Take in foreign material and display to T and
B cells. Dendrites (long processes coming off of the cell.)
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Phagocytic when they are immature, after maturing present antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive
immune response
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Granulocytes – cytoplasmic granules in staining gives a distinct appearance
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Neutrophils – 50% of WBC. Kill bacteria
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Eosinophils – 1-4 % of WBC. Fight off parasitic infections
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Basophils - .5 to 1%, important in allergies
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Mast cells – primarily in tissues, full of granules filled with histamine.
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- Spring '08
- Leavey
- Plants, cells, NK Cells, cells T cells
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