Chapter 1 outline - Chapter 1 What is Immunology Study of the defense system against infectious diseases Involved in cell clean-up cell death

Chapter 1 What is Immunology? - Study of the defense system against infectious diseases. Involved in cell clean-up, cell death. Inflammation response to injury. Transplants. Vaccines and autoimmune. Vocabulary - Pathogen – disease causing microbe. - Adaptive/specific immune response – comparative to evolutionary respones - Immunity – resistance to reinfection o Innate immunity – Immunity that you’re born with. - Leukocytes – white blood cells o Granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes - Antibodies – serum proteins that confer immunity - Antigen – substance that stimulates antibody production Immunology people - Edward Jenner – immunization - 1796 - Koch – Germ theory – microbes are what causes disease – 1905 - Pasteur – vaccination/sterilization – 1870 - Behring – Specificity in serums (Antibody) – 1901 - Metchnikoff – Phagocytosis – 1908 - Medawar – Tolerance - Yalow – inventing radio immunoassay – 1977 - Benacerraf – MHC - Jerne – clonality - Tonegawa – Gene rearrangement - 1987 - Doherty/Zinkernagel – how T cells recognize MHC What is the immune system? - Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, lymph fluid, mucous, blood Cells - All come from a single progenitor cell – pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow o Differentiates into CLP (common lymphoid progenitor  NK, T, B) or CMP (common myeloid progenitor)  T cells differentiate in Thymus, B cells in bone marrow. Both circulate between blood and peripheral lymphoid tissues  After encounter with antigen, B cells diff into antibody-secreting plasma clls  “” T cells diff into effector T cells.  NK cells lack antigen specificity o CMP can become granulocyte/megakartocyte, leukocytes, erythrocytes Myeloid Cells - Macrophages – tissue bound, come from monocytes. 2-6% of WBC are monocytes. Phagocytose things, secrete cytokines, antigen presentation (link between innate and adaptive immunity) o Can also present antigens to T cells - Dendritic cells – don’t circulate much, located in lymph nodes. Take in foreign material and display to T and B cells. Dendrites (long processes coming off of the cell.) o Phagocytic when they are immature, after maturing present antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive immune response - Granulocytes – cytoplasmic granules in staining gives a distinct appearance o Neutrophils – 50% of WBC. Kill bacteria o Eosinophils – 1-4 % of WBC. Fight off parasitic infections o Basophils - .5 to 1%, important in allergies - Mast cells – primarily in tissues, full of granules filled with histamine.