SOLVING LOW PARENT INVOLVEMENT1INDIVIDUALSCHOLARLYWORKSTEMPLATECentral Research Question:How can the problem of low parental involvement in grades 3rd-5thbe solved at NorthwoodsElementary School?Article One:Title of the scholarly work:School efforts to promote parental involvement: thecontributions of school leaders and teachersIs this a journal article, book, or other? Journal ArticleIs it peer-reviewed? YesWhat is(are) the major topic(s) presented? The topic discussed how school leaders andteachers promote parental involvementWhich words are repeated often? Teacher invitations, parental involvement, transformationalleadership, elementary schoolHow does this scholarly work answer the problem or address the topic? In this study, theresearchers aimed to study the relationships of transformational leadership for parentalinvolvement and teacher invitations with parental involvement practices.School Leaders andteachers are two key figures within a school organization to promote parental involvement.Teachers and school leaders should work together to encourage parents to be involved in theirchildren’s education.Therefore, the researchers hypothesize that both TIPI and TLPI have apositive effect on parental involvement.How does this scholarly work neglect to answer the problem or address the topic?n/aWhat evidence does the scholarly work present regarding the problem or topic? Multilevelregression analyses of the effects of TLPI and TIPI on PI.For each dimension of parentalinvolvement, three models were tested.Model 1 includes only TLPI. Model 2 includes TLPIas well ad TIPI.Finally, in Model 3 some control variables were added (i.e., teachers’ gender,school setting, and parents’ educational levels).From each Model 1, it can be seen that TLPIhad no significant effects on PI practices.What data collection methods were used? The study was conducted in public elementaryschools in Java Indonesia.Java is the most densely populated island in Indonesia with anestimated population of 148,138,800 people or 56.57% of the total population of Indonesia in2017 (BPS Jawa Timur 2017). A sample of 18 schools was included in this study. Jakarta, thecapital of West Java, and two schools in rural areas.In East Java, four urban schools inPasuruan city and two rural schools in Pasuruan regency.The schools were selected withpurposive sampling based on the knowledge on the diversity of the schools.Due to the hugenumber of elementary schools, bureaucracy, and accessibility to the schools, selecting schoolswith random sampling was not possible.The selected schools represented diversity in termsof socioeconomic background of the students indicated by educational levels, income, andoccupations of the parents.What data analysis methods were used? Given the nested structure of the data, we conductedthree-level (school, teacher, parent) multilevel regression analyses.For each dimension ofparental involvement, three models were test.First, we analyzed the effects of TLPI onparental involvement. Next, we analyzed the combined effect of TLPI and TIPI.
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researcher, Primary school
