CHEMISTRYChemistryis the study ofmatter, itsproperties,thechangesthat matter undergoes, and theenergyassociatedwith these changes.MATTERanything that has both mass and volume the “stuff” of the universe: books, planets, trees, professors, students COMPOSITION the types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a sample of matter PROPERTIES the characteristics that give each substance a unique identity Physical Propertiesproperties a substance shows by itself without interacting with another substance Ex: color, melting point, boiling point, density Physical Change - physical form changes, composition does not Ex: Water turned to ice, cutting of paper Chemical Properties properties a substance shows as it interacts with, or transforms into, other substances Ex: flammability, corrosiveness Chemical Change - changes or transforms the substances into other substances. Ex: burning of paper, rusting of iron, respiration STATES OF MATTER 1.Solid- has a fixed shape and volume. Solids may be hard or soft, rigid or flexible. 2.Liquid- has a varying shape that conforms to the shape of the container, but a fixed volume. A liquid has anupper surface. 3.Gas- has no fixed shape or volume and therefore does not have a surface.ENERGY IN CHEMISTRY Energy is the ability to do work 1.Potential Energyis energy due to thepositionof an object. 2.Kinetic Energyis energy due to themovementof an object. DEFINITION OF COMPONENTS OF MATTER Element- the simplest type of substance with unique physical and chemical properties.An element consists of only one type of atom.It cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by physical or chemical means. (Ex: Fe, Cu, Na) Molecule- a structure that consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together and thus behaves as an independent unit. (Ex: O2, S8, H2 O, NaCl) Compound- a substance composed of two or more elements which are chemically combined. (Ex: H2 O, NaCl, CO) Mixture- a group of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically intermingled. 1.Heterogeneous Mixture- has one or more visible boundaries between the components.(Ex: oil and water, gravel and sand) 2.Homogeneous Mixture- has no visible boundaries because the components arKe mixed as individual atoms, ions, and molecules. Other term for homogeneous mixture issolution. (Ex: NaCl solution, Sugar solution) KEY CONCEPTS 1.Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with these changes. 2.Only the physical state gets altered under the physical change, while there is a change in the composition under the chemical change. 3.Element is consist of only one kind of atom. 4.Compound is not always the same as molecule. 5.Solution is the other term for homogeneous mixture.
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