eoc review genetics.docx.pdf - EOC Review: Mechanisms of...

EOC Review: Mechanisms of Genetics
Structure of DNA:
-­૒ All living organisms contain DNA.
-­૒ Polymer of repeating subunits called ___ nucleotides _ which are composed of a phosphate group,
a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (either adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine)
-­૒ Two strands twisted together in the shape of a ___ double ____ ____ helix ______
-­૒ In eukaryotic cells, it is located in the ___ nucleus _____, where it is coiled into chromosomes.
-­૒ The traits an organism inherits are determined by proteins, which are coded for in genes
located in the DNA.
-­૒ Every three bases is called a ____ codon ______ which codes for one amino acid in a protein
Label the phosphate groups P
Label the deoxyribose sugars D
Fill in the nitrogenous base pairs
Circle and label one nucleotide
Circle and label one codon
Transcription:
-­૒ Occurs in the ____ nucleus ___
-­૒ Makes an mRNA copy of a gene in the DNA strand
-­૒ RNA is one strand, has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose, and uracil(U) instead of thymine(T)
Translation:
-­૒ Occurs at a __ ribosome _____ in the cytoplasm
-­૒ Converts codons in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids which fold to make a protein
-­૒ tRNA molecules bring an amino acid. The anticodon on tRNA forms a base pair with the codon
on mRNA