ATI PEDS study guide.docx - ATI Final Study Guide Chapter...

ATI Final Study Guide
Chapter 12: Bacterial Meningitis (starting on page 59)
-Couple questions on the ATI Final
-Nursing Care for Meningitis (Highlights)
Reportable findings: The presence of petechiae or a purpuric-type rash requires immediate
medical attention
Isolate the client as soon as meningitis is suspected and maintain droplet precautions per
facility protocol.
Droplet precautions require a private room or a room with clients who have an infection from
the same microorganism, ensuring that each client has his or her own designated equipment.
Providers and visitors should wear a mask.
Maintain respiratory isolation for a minimum of 24 hr. after initiation of antibiotic therapy
.Decrease environmental stimuli
Such as providing a quiet environment
Minimize exposure to bright light (which includes natural and electric form of lighting
For newborns and infants, monitor head circumference and fontanels for presence of or changes in
bulging
Expected Findings of Meningitis
Headache
Nuchal rigidity
Bulging fontanels
Positive Kernig’s sign
Vomiting
Fever and Chills
Irritability
Photophobia
Petechiae (2 years of age or older)
-Need to be familiar with signs and symptoms associated with increased intracranial pressure (Table
49.3) Page 1383

**bulging fontanelles
**high pitch cry; change in a baby’s cry
**headache
**Eye Changes (e.g. Diplopia)
**Vomiting
**Vital Sign Changes
 Elevated temperature and blood pressure;
 decreased pulse and respiration rates
-CSF analysis indicative of meningitis.
 BACTERIAL
 Cloudy color (only bacterial will be cloudy)
 Elevated WBC count
 Elevated protein content
 Decreased glucose content
 Positive Gram stain
 VIRAL
 Clear color
 Slightly elevated WBC count
 Normal or slightly elevated protein content
 Normal glucose content
 Negative Gram stain
Treatment/management of Meningitis
•Corticosteroid (such as dexamethasone) to reduce ICP caused by Meningitis
and help prevent hearing loss
•Osmotic Diuretic (such as Mannitol) to reduce ICP caused by Meningitis and
help prevent hearing loss

•Antibiotics (if it is a bacterial infection type of Meningitis)
•Drug Therapy could last up to 10 days
•Educate the family about the need to complete the entire course of
medication
 Important note:
•CSF analysis obtained by lumbar puncture confirms the diagnosis.
•CSF results indicative of meningitis include increased white blood cell and
protein levels, increased ICP, and a glucose level less than 60% of blood
glucose (because bacteria have fed on the glucose).
 Chapter 17: Post-op nursing care for Tonsillectomy Care (page 91 to 92)
-3-4 questions on the ATI Final
 Chapter 17: Epiglottitis (Page 96)
-2 questions on the ATI Final
***Few questions on the final on how to prevent it and also what we would do
if the airway was blocked**
Chapter 19: Cystic Fibrosis (page 105)
-About 2 question on the ATI Final
-Cystic Fibrosis exacerbation
-Oxygen saturation of 85%
-Cystic Fibrosis Diet
 Well-balanced
 High in protein & Calories
 Unrestricted fat
 Ensure adequate fluid intake

Chapter 21: Sickle Cell Anemia Section (page 126 to 128);