1.Essay 1 a.Orthodox Jews, and how Jews live in the modern world, now that the modern world is accessible to them b.Zionism, atheist Jews c.Emancipating them from the world 2.Distinctive features a.A chart that juxtaposes the four denominations, where they differ and converge b.Aconomys magazine, Jewish denominations 2.Specific circumstances for Zionism a.Emancipation gave Jews hope that they would be free, and integrate into European society, and be able to reject what they didn’t like b.BUT Zionism is the opposite of this, after Emancipation had failed ^^ i.Because Europeans didn’t internalize what the courts had enacted so anti-Semitism persisted ii.The modern Jews emerged from Emancipation b.Zionist believed the Europeans would never accept them as equals i.Just because there was a government movement, doesn’t mean it will be moved by the population, when it's the other way around, the population doing it, then the government does something about this norm change b.Zionism called for a new Jew, the old Jew was pushed around and bullied, but the new Jew, could be a farmer land owner, not only an intellectual or a merchant i.Improvement of the Jewish self image ii.Racial anti- Semitism emerged, it used to only be religious 1.Determined by biology ii.Originated in 19th century Europe b.Nationalism i.The people as a nation, nationhood ii.A movement that inspires a nation state iii.Nations that didn’t have political independence, wanted a political identity that mirrored their national identity 2.Dryphus affair a.A scandal in 19th century France where a Jewish captain in French military was accused on being a spy for Germany b.He was blamed, and because of anti- Semitism he was considered guilty and convicted in three days c.Retried and convicted again d.Important because of the reported Herschel and what he saw 2.Holocaust a culmination a.Holocaust drew on anti- Semitism b.There were many massacres of Jews before then, this was just the largest c.Genocide against Jews in Europe for a thousand years i.Deicide- God, murder, the Jews killed God ii.Blood libel 1.False accusations that the Jews needed a blood from a Christian child to prepare Passover meal ii.Havran (or something)

1.Jewish genocide 2.Holocaust and Zionism verdict on Emancipation a.Almost 75% of Jews in Europe were killed in the Holocaust b.Holocaust definitive refutation of emancipation, it proved that Jews would never be accepted in Europe as equals c.Zionism is corollary to Holocaust i.Jewish state was done because they were not going to be accepted in the diaspora, needed a place for safety 2.Jewish conditions in 19th century a.The ghettos, the birth of the denominations, the jobs they were allowed to get, Zionism 2.Non- creedal religion, a.Creed= credit, belief, a belief system b.Judaism is a religion based on practice, not belief c.Religions based on ortho-praxy, correct practice i.Judaism and Islam is more concerned with the Jewish conduct or behavior ii.Tell them how to shave, who to live with, your life iii.