Lecture 02- The Chemical Level of Organization.pptx -...

Anatomy and Physiology I
Week 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

Chapter Objectives
The purpose of the
chapter is to:
1. Introduce the language
and fundamental
concepts of chemistry
2. Discuss how matter is
organized
3. Discuss how chemical
bonds form and how
chemical reactions occur
4. Compare and contrast
organic and inorganic
compounds

Elements of the Human Body
Elements : the simplest form
of matter to have unique
chemical properties.
Minerals : inorganic
elements extracted from the
soil of plants that eventually
end up in the body.
Trace elements : Despite
being the fewest in number,
they are integral to
physiology.

What is an atom?

The Periodic Table

Reading the Periodic Table

Ions and Electrolytes
•
Ions : charged
particles with unequal
numbers of protons
and electrons.
•
Electrolytes :
substances that ionize
in water and form
solutions that can
conduct electricity and
provide many
physiologic functions.

Binding Atoms Together: Ionic
Bonding
•
One atom ( cation )
gives up its electrons
to another ( anion ) .
•
Occurs when one
atom is more negative
than another.
• Most likely to occur
with elements that are
on opposite sides of
the periodic table.

Binding Atoms Together: Covalent Bonding
• Atoms share their
electrons.
•
Nonpolar covalent : the
atoms share their
electrons evenly.
•
Polar covalent : the
atoms share their
electrons unevenly

Stronger Covalent Bonds
•
Double bond : occurs
when two elements
share two pairs of
electrons.