13thamendment – abolished slavery in U.S. 14thamendment – established freeman’s citizenship (birth right citizenship)15thamendment – gave black men the right to voteExodusters – ex-slaves who moved from states along MS River to Kansas, Oklahoma, & Colorado to escape KKK & Jim Crow Laws.Freedman’s Bureau – provided basic necessities for ex slaves 1 established schools 2 found jobs 3 share cropping – land owner provides tools & seeds, sharecropper provides labor. 4 black churches 5 black business 6 joined military (buffalo soldier) 7 constructionJohn Wilkes Booth – Assassinated Abraham Lincoln – wasshot down in a barn shoot out 1 week after he killed LincolnU.S. Grant – Republican president during collapse of Republican rule in South. (1868) most popular man in thenation. Re-elected in 1872Rutherford B. Hayes – Republican President Candidate of 1876. Lost the popular vote but was declared winner in exchange for withdrawal of federal troops in the south, marking the end of Reconstruction.
Black Codes – restricted freedom to freedman 1 black men couldn’t vote 2 couldn’t run for office 3 couldn’t run against white men in court.American Federation of Labor – Union for skilled workers.Founded by Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers – President of the AFL; focused on higher wages, shorter hours, & better working conditions.Knights of Labor – 1869; 1stnational union; open to ALL Workers. Boycott & put pressure on employers.Great Uprising of 1877 – First organized strike due to pay cuts by Baltimore & Ohio Railroad – President Hayes sent federal troops to protect railroad property which let to riots across the nation. Left 100 dead & wages remained the same.Homestead Steel Strike – Frick, Carnegie’s Manager, kicked out the union. Blockaded them off & this led to a violent strike leaving many dead, Pinkerton’s surrendered& Union defeated.Pullman Strike – Strike against Pullman Palace car co. by the American railway union under Eugene V. Debs. President Grover Cleveland uses the excuse “mail must be delivered” to send federal troops to break the strike.
Eugene Debs – founded American Railway UnionIndustrial Workers of the World – Radical union organizedin Chicago in 1905. Wobblies – nickname. Opposition to WWi led to destruction by federal gov. under espionage act.Andrew Carnegie – Steel magnate who believed general public benefited from big business even if companies hadharsh practices. (horizontal monopoly)John D. Rockefeller – Founded the Standard Oil Company of Ohio – Perfected idea of a holding company. (Vertical Monopoly)Cornelius Vanderbelt – consolidated several railroad companies into one vast railroad New York Central Railroad.
