Scientific Basis for PA - Lecture 3 - Exercise is...

Exercise is Medicine
TM
:
Scientific Basis for Physical Activity
KIN 3534 Intro Lecture
“Eating alone will not keep a man well; he must also take exercise. For food
and exercise, while possessing opposite qualities, yet work together to produce
health. For it is the nature of exercise to use up material, but of food and drink
to make good deficiencies. And it is necessary, as it appears, to discern the
power of various exercises, both natural and artificial, to know which of them
tends to increase flesh and which to lessen it; and not only this, but also to
proportion exercise to bulk of food, to the constitution of the patient, to the age
of the individual, to the season of the year, to the changes in the winds, to the
situation of the region in which the patient resides, and to the constitution of
the year”
- Hippocrates. Regimen: Book 1, 400 BC

Please Read before next Lecture
•
2008 Federal Guidelines for PA
•
Chapters 1 and 2 in Guidelines
•
Review Preliminary Section in Resource M.
–
Focus on:
•
Chapter 3: Exercise Physiology
•
Chapter 6: CVD
•
Chapter 8: Metabolic Disease
•
Chapter 10: Legal Considerations
•
Chapters 11, 12, and 13 in Resource M.

Outline
•
Definitions
•
CDC trends in the U.S./Louisiana
•
Exercise is Medicine
TM
•
2008 Federal Guidelines
•
Epidemiologic support
•
Risk to benefit trade-off
•
Clinical trials

Definitions
•
Physical activity (PA)
–
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of
skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase in
caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure
•
Exercise
–
A type of physical activity consisting of planned,
structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to
improve and/or maintain one or more components of
physical fitness
•
Physical fitness
–
A set of attributes or characteristics that individuals have
or achieve that relates to their ability to perform physical
activity

Definitions
•
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
–
Heart and blood vessel disease; includes heart attack and
stroke in addition to heart failure, arrhythmia, and heart
valve problems.
•
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
–
The buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) that can lead to a
heart attack.
•
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
–
A disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due
an inability of insulin secreted by the pancreatic beta cells
to promote glucose uptake by the tissues.
•
Hypertension (HTN)
–
High systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure.

Physical Activity, Obesity, and Diabetes
Trends
BRFSS – Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
•
Survey that collects six behavioral health risk factors:
1. Smoking
2. Alcohol use
3. Physical activity
4. Diet
5. Hypertension (HTN)
6. Safety belt use
•
In 2011, > 500k interviews were conducted
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Surveillance System
available at
Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m
2
)
Diabetes
<4.5% Missing data
4.5 - 5.9%
6.0 - 7.4%
7.5 - 8.9%
≥9.0%
18.0 -21.9%
<14.0%
Missing Data
14.0 - 17.9%
22.0 - 25.9% ≥26.0%
Age-adjusted Percentage of U.S. Adults Who Were Obese or
Who Had Diagnosed Diabetes
1994

CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation.