KORE1021 Final Exam
13 ID(Explanation +
Significance)
1. Yusin Constitution
Declared by Park Ching-hee in Oct 1972
Erosion of Park’s power within the Assembly
Growing threat of an opposition victory in future elections came at a time
of dramatic power realignment at Asia
1.
announced a National Emergency Decree to “counter perceived
security threat”
2.
resolved to restructure the government to continue his power
3.
declared martial law
4.
dissolved National Assembly
5.
abrogated the Old constitution and had a new constitution
6.
legitimated new structure in national referendum in 1972
7.
appointed all judges, members of constitutional committee & one-
third of National Assembly
8.
free to take whatever emergency measures whenever the national
security/public safety are threatened
Birth of the Fourth Republic of ROK
Created a legal dictatorship for Park
Park secured control of selection of president & an overwhelming legislative
majority that would rubberstamp his initiatives
Fourth Republic saw…
growing
tensions in society
labour discontent
student activism increased (but Park stopped it through expulsions &
arrests)
2. Establishment of ROK & DPRK
After the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Americans tried to limit
Russian involvement in Korea
joint occupation
KORE1021 Final Exam
13 ID(Explanation +
Significance)
Americans proposed a North-South division of Korea along the 38
th
parallel of latitude
Put the Korean capital of Seoul and the bulk of population under US
control in South
Soviets accepted this arrangement
In SK,
Rhee became the head of the Representative Democratic Council in 1947
US asked UN to form a commission to supervise general elections that
would legitimate an independent Korean government
The newly elected National Assembly passed a constitution
the Republic of Korea (ROK) was formally inaugurated on August 15,
1948
the Communists in control in North responded by declaring their own
formal Korean state, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) on
September 3, 1948
3. DMZ
a Korean demilitarized zone set after the Korean war
divided the peninsula into two
Heavily fortified
KORE1021 Final Exam
13 ID(Explanation +
Significance)
A two-to-three-mile swath
割割
traversing
割割
the peninsula for 120 miles
from southwest to northwest
A North-South division of Korea along the 38
th
parallel of latitude
4. Syngman Rhee
Returned from US after a 40-year exile
ROK’s first president (First Republic)
Strong anti-communist
A series of rebellions & guerilla movement during his presidency
KORE1021 Final Exam
13 ID(Explanation +
Significance)
Eg. An insurrection
割割
against elections: Cheju Rebellion
Relied on landlords & businessmen
Supported by US with provision of military training & advice, economic
assistance, a legitimating context for his militant anti-Communism
Consolidated his control by ruthlessly extending wartime emergency
measures into postwar era
