Summary Lecture Slides.docx - FOOD FOR HEALTHY PLANET II...

FOOD FOR HEALTHY PLANET II
LECTURE 1
You are what you eat!
Double Burden of Malnutrition
Characterized by the coexistence of
undernutrition along with overweight and
obesity, or diet-related non-communicable
diseases with individuals, households &
populations, and across the life course.
Forms:
Micronutrient Deficiency
Micronutrients = vitamins & molecules
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C, ascorbic acid
- Vitamin D3, niacine
- Vitamin B3, folate
- Vitamin B1, thiamine
Affects functions in the body:
- Immunity
- Stunted growth
- Lower productivity
- Higher mortality
- Lower cognitive ability
- Brain development
- Reproduction
Deficiencies:
1. Zinc  impaired growth in children
2. Vit.A  leading cause of blindness
3. Vit.D: body makes vit.d when exposed
UV from the sun
o Food sources: cheese, margarine,
butter, fortified milk, healthy
cereals, fatty fish
o Deficiency factors (human
factors): amount of skin
exposure, duration of exposure,
sunscreens, melanin
concentration
o Deficiency factors (amount of
UV-B): season of the year, time
of the day, pollution, clouds,
distance from equator
Prevention:
1. Dietary Diversification
o Nutrition
education
o Social
marketing
o Increase intake
from available
and accessible
foods
o Measures to
improve food
security
2. Food Fortification
o Iodized sea salt
o Vitamin D milk
o Enriched all-purpose flour
o margarine in Europe (vit A &
D)
3. Biofortification
 Development of nutrient-dense
staple crops using best conventional
breeding practices and modern
biotech
o Increasing mineral content
for foods.
Ex: high-iron millet, beans
and rice, calcium-fortified
carrots, zinc-fortified wheat
o Mineral nutrition depends
upon soil composition and
bioavailability
4. Supplementation
o Developed world – a
multimillion dollar industry
o Developing world – saving
lives

Classifying Deaths and Diseases
(WHO)
1.
Communicable diseases (group I)
 death is directly due to the action
of a communicable agent
2.
Non-communicable diseases (group II)
 cancer, diseases of various organ
systems, diabetes, mental health
3.
External causes (group III)
 injuries, poisonings, violence
Non-communicable Diseases
- 5 out of 10 leading causes of death in
developed world relate to dietary
habits.
LECTURE 2
In pursuit of good health
Functional Foods:
 Processed foods containing added
ingredients that aid specific bodily functions
Ex: some foods containing plant sterols can
make specific health claims.
Super Foods:
 foods that have health benefits, usually
plant foods. In reality, all natural whole foods
could be considered superfoods as they all
have benefits (marketing term)
Phytonutrients & Bioactive
Compounds
Phytonutrients = some plant “secondary
metabolites”  important for long-term
human health although not been shown as
essential
Bioactive components of fruits and
vegetables:
- Ex: isoflavones, lutein, lycopene,
flavonols, liminoids, quercetin,
turmeric, catachins, fiseten,
glucosinolates, resveratrol, etc.