CCJS352Exam1Review - CCJS 352 Exam 1 CHAPTER 1 1...

CCJS 352 Exam 1
CHAPTER 1
1. Psychoactive drugs -influence the functioning of the brain and hence our
behavior/experience
2. Illicit drugs -heroine, cocaine, marijuana, ecstasy, LSD, ketamine, and GHB
3. Licit drugs-pyschoactive substances as well but LEGAL, alcohol, nicotine,
caffeine
4. Drug dependence -a compulsive need to take the drug; the drug takes a central
role in the user’s life
5. Drug -a chemical substance that when taken into the body, alters the structure or
functioning of the body in some way, excluding those nutrients considered to be
related to normal functioning
6. Instrumental use -the use of a drug for a purpose rather than just getting “high”
7. Recreational use -the use of a drug to get a “high” or other pleasurable effect
8. Drug misuse -taking a drug (prescription or non) in an inappropriate manner
9. Drug abuse-taking a drug which causes physical, mental, or social impairment
10. Licit-Instrumental / Illicit-Instrumental / Licit-Recreational / Licit-Instrumental
11. Subcutaneous -underneath the skin
12. Sublingual -applied under the tongue
13. Transdermal patch -a device attached to the skin that slowly delivers the drug
through skin absorption
14. Biotransformation -the process of changing the molecular structure of a drug into
forms that make it easier to be excreted from the body
15. Synergism -the combination of drugs that’s reaction exceeds the effect of either
drug when administered alone
16. Behavioral tolerance -taking the drug under the same circumstances (same
bedroom, same room temp etc.) increases ones tolerance
17. Cross-tolerance -the use of one drug can increase the tolerance for another drug
as well (alcohol and barbiturates)
18. Physical dependence-the idea that the drug abuser continues to take a drug to
avoid physical withdrawal
19. Psychological dependence-the drug abuser is motivated by a craving for the
pleasurable effects of the drug
20. Substance dependence -an individual with significant signs of a dependent
relationship upon a psychoactive drug
21. Substance abuse -an individual who continues to take a drug despite the fact that
the behavior is causing them specific problems
22. Toxicity -the psychical or psychological harm a drug might present to a user
23. Acute toxicity -psychical/psychological harm a drug might present to a user
immediately or soon after being ingested
24. Chronic Toxicity -physical/psychological harm a drug might present to a user
over a long period of time
25. TRENDS
26. Men slightly outnumber women in emergency department (ED) episodes

27. A dramatic increase in the amount of cocaine related ED episodes, since the
1980’s and the popularity of cocaine and crack cocaine
28. Increase of heroin ED episodes as the purity increased in the 1990’s and the
ability to use heroin without a needle
29. Recently an increase in ED episodes concerning ecstasy, ketamine, LSD, GHB,
and methamphetamines especially
30. Also recently an increase in ED episodes concerning oxycodone (Percodan) and
hydrocodone (Vicodin)
31. Effective dose