2.11 SCIENCE NOTES 8TH GRADE.docx - Elements are substances...

Elements are substances made of only one kind of atom, such as oxygen or gold.
element
a type of atom, with a particular number of protons in the nucleus; a pure substance with only one type
of atom throughout
atoms determines the characteristic properties of each element. The electrons in the outer shell
determine many of the properties of an atom. These electrons are also responsible for whether or not
an atom combines or breaks apart from other substances.
What subatomic particle is responsible for the observed properties of an atom? Electrons are
responsible for an atom's properties.
chemical properties
properties of a substance relating to the chemical nature and reactivity of the substance
What is a column, or group, on the periodic table called? A vertical row on the periodic table is called a
group or a family.
What is a horizontal row on the periodic table called? A horizontal row on the periodic table is called a
period.
Molecules are combinations of atoms held together by bonds between outer electrons. Atoms
bond to one another by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. The way electrons bond is
what gives a substance its .Atoms with the same number of outer electrons tend to bond in the