Chapter 22 - Chapter 22 Study anatomy of the respiratory...

Chapter 22
 Study anatomy of the respiratory system
o Nasal cavity to sinuses, to pharynx through the oral cavity, pharynx goes down to
larynx, then turns into trachea which then goes into bronchi, bronchi subdivide
until they get really small, bronchioles terminate in alveoli, this is where we have
gas exchange with circulatory system
o Rib cage is a vital part of the circulatory system (your lungs will not inflate and
deflate without them)
 We have a semi closed system that starts with the rib cage that is sealed off
at the bottom with the diaphragm- seals thorax off from diaphragm
o Only opening in this cavity is trachea that opens to mouth and nose- we
essentially create a sealed chamber in which we can manipulate volume and
pressure
 Ventilation- the mechanical movement of air into OR out of the pulmonary structures
o EITHER the volume of air you inspire OR the volume you expire (NOT BOTH)
o Brings air into nasal or oral cavity, through pharynx, down through the trachea,
down to the bronchi, eventually to the bronchioles, then to the alveoli (when you
exhale it is the same thing in reverse)
o Function is to bring in fresh air that is high in oxygen, low in CO2, to supply the
alveoli with oxygen
o When we exhale it is to get rid of CO2
o Exchanging CO2 for oxygen that we then bring in
 Structures
o Nose hairs associated with the okapis of the nostril
 These hairs eliminate large particles of dirt and prevent them from making
it further into the airway system and getting into our lungs where they can
cause damage
o A large part of the air passageway is to get rid of dirt
o Nasal conchae- protrusions in the sinuses
 Maeti between the conchae
 The whole point is to increase surface area and create turbulence in that air
 Makes contact with the lining of the nasal passage
o What are the linings of these passageways made up of?
 Pseudostratified stratified epithelium- goblet (mucus producing) cells and
columnar cells
 This mucus is important
 Produce mucus all the time, just not in large quantities
 Air will make contact with mucus
 The dirt in air sticks to mucus (ex. blew nose after the farm tour)
 Our air passageways play an important role in filtering out the dirt in the
air we breathe
o Mucus also has an additional important function
 Mucus contains water which hydrates the air

 Adds moisture to the air we breathe in
 We want the air to be moist and not dry up the alveoli
 Normally by the time the air you inhale reaches trachea, it is completely
saturated with moisture, in large part because of the mucus
 Ex. when you have a cold and breathe through your mouth- the back of
your mouth dries out (nasal passages can do this more effectively than
mouth)
 Breathing though mouth bypasses filtering capacity
o Pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian tube)- tube that connects to inner ear
 When you are on an airplane and your ears get plugged (plug nose to try to
open this up and equalize pressure)
