Microprocessors-and-Microcontrollers - JNTU World On or...

Lecture Note
On
Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Theory and Applications
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Syllabus
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MODULE: 1
1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCOMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE :
A microprocessor is a programmable electronics chip that has computing and decision
making capabilities similar to central processing unit of a computer. Any microprocessor-
based systems having limited number of resources are called microcomputers . Nowadays,
microprocessor can be seen in almost all types of electronics devices like mobile phones,
printers, washing machines etc. Microprocessors are also used in advanced applications like
radars, satellites and flights. Due to the rapid advancements in electronic industry and large
scale integration of devices results in a significant cost reduction and increase application of
microprocessors and their derivatives.
Fig.1 Microprocessor-based system
 Bit : A bit is a single binary digit.
 Word : A word refers to the basic data size or bit size that can be processed by the
arithmetic and logic unit of the processor. A 16-bit binary number is called a word in
a 16-bit processor.
 Bus : A bus is a group of wires/lines that carry similar information.
 System Bus : The system bus is a group of wires/lines used for communication
between the microprocessor and peripherals.
 Memory Word : The number of bits that can be stored in a register or memory
element is called a memory word.