2 PATHOPHAMARCOLOGICAL ISSUES RELATED TO ASTHMA Asthma is defined as a chronic lung disorder which is characterized by inflammations and swelling followed by narrowing of the airway. Asthma is characterized by airways hyper-responsiveness which leads to recurrent coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and breathlessness. These episodes are usually associated with a widespread but a variable obstruction of the air flow which can be reversed either spontaneously or with the help of medicine. Studies in the past thirty-five years have identified two main immune mechanisms responsible for airway obstruction in the context of allergic inflammations. Researchers found out that the two auto-immune mechanisms depend on lungs that have terminally differentiated subsets of the Th cells i.e. Th1 and Th2 usually referred to as the Th1/Th2 paradigm. The TH 2 cell secretes a substance cytokine repertoire which experts allude that they play an important part in the manifestation of allergic inflammations. This then leads to obstruction of the airway and an immediate hypersensitivity response which mediated by the antibody immunoglobulin which is produced by the B cells. The process in which these antibodies and antigens react subsequently results to the production of toxic inflammatory molecules which eventually cause obstruction. According to a research by Shari J Lynn and Kathryn Reese (2015) the disease affects an average of about 300M people across the globe. According to this research, male children have a higher risk to contract the disease compared to their counterpart’s female children. On the contrary, when it comes to adults the disease is more prevalent in females. There are two classification of asthma which is; atopic asthma and non-atopic asthma. Atopic asthma is usually contracted from babyhood and it’s mainly linked to triggers which initiate wheezing. The usual cause is exposure to the certain allergen
