Material Science Full Assignment (2) - Assignment Title...

Assignment Title: Production of Cement from Recycling CO
2
via Calera
Process
Subject: UEME 1122 Material Science
Course: CL and ME
Date of submission: 04-08-2016
Name of Lecturer: Dr Thiam Hui San
Name of Student Student ID No Year and Semester
Ramesh A/L Segaran 1500036 Y1S2
Roland Goh Hon Wei 1501017 Y1S2
Tan Yi Xiang 1503431 Y1S1
Chee Wai Kit 1504740 Y1S1
Saravanan Raj A/L Pariyasamy 1600167 Y1S2
Received by: Dr Thiam Hui San Date: 04/08/2016
Lecturer

Contexts
1. Introduction
2. Report Body
2.1 Properties of Alite
2.2 Raw Materials for Manufacturing Alite
2.3 Manufacturing Pathway of Alite via Calera Process
2.4 Energy Usage for Manufacturing Alite
2.5 Effect of the Calera Process
2.6 Durability of Recycled Cement
3. Conclusion
4. References

Introduction
The word ‘Calera’ came from a Spanish word which means as lime quarry.
The idea of this process was first proposed by Brent Constantz in the year 2007. He
have shared his plan to an Indian/American billionaire, Vinod Khosla who is
interested in a clean technology and the idea was encouraged by him.
Calera process is a process which uses the carbon dioxide that’s emitted to the
air to produce cement which known as ‘green cement’. As we all know, carbon
dioxide is the main contributor to the greenhouse effect that causes global warming
and production of concrete makes up to 5% of total carbon footprint on earth
(WBCSD, 2005). Therefore, Calera process was presented as a solution to tackle the
high carbon emissions from concrete production.
Currently, Portland cement is widely used in most construction sites and
throughout the world. In order to produce Portland cement, about 36 billion tons of
limestone are mined a year. Countless energy lost and emissions of carbon dioxide in
the air is increasing gradually as mining of limestone becomes more rapid. Constant
supply of limestone is needed due to the booming population and the high demand to
create more living space with concrete. Mining of limestone has also set to produce
large air pollution to surrounding environments. In order to reduce the usage of
Portland cement or have a better alternative to traditional Portland cement, Calera
process which produces calcium carbonate can alternatively replace the use of
limestone.
Portland cement is the basic ingredient for concrete. Cement is manufactured
through a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum,

iron and other ingredients. The main ingredient in Portland cement is alite which is
known as calcium carbonate. The method that is used commonly to manufacture
Portland cement is through the dry method, where it involves in quarrying the rock
and mixing it with the iron ore which is then fed to the cement kiln. The cement kiln
heats the ingredient at a temperature about 2700 degree Fahrenheit which is about
1482.22 degree Celsius. In the cement kiln, some elements are driven off in the form
of gases which known as carbon dioxide gas. In order to reduce the emission of the
carbon dioxide gas to the air, Calera process is introduced. It was also proven of its
capability to bring a proper alternative to Portland cement.