IT212 Microprocessor Lab Manual.doc - Charotar University...

Charotar University of Science & Technology
Faculty of Technology & Engineering
Department of Information Technology
Index
Sr.No. Date Experiment Page No. Marks
Introduction to 8086 microprocessor architecture
1. and 8086 emulator tool
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
11
12
IT245 Computer Organization & Microprocessor Page 1

Charotar University of Science & Technology
Faculty of Technology & Engineering
Department of Information Technology
Experiment No. 1
Aim
:- To study introduction of 8086 microprocessor and emulator 8086
Microprocessor :-
It is a semiconductor device consisting of electronic logic circuits manufactured by using either a
Large scale (LSI) or Very Large Scale (VLSI) Integration Technique. It includes the ALU,
register arrays and control circuits on a single chip.
The microprocessor has a set of instructions, designed internally, to manipulate data and
communicate with peripherals. This process of data manipulation and communication is
determined by the logic design of the microprocessor called the architecture.
The era microprocessors in the year 1971, the Intel introduced the first 4-bit microprocessor is
4004. Using this the first portable calculator is designed. The following table1 shows the list of
Intel microprocessors.
Year Name Bit Size
1971 4004 4
1972 8008 8
1974 8080 8
1977 8085 8
1978 8086 16
1979 8089 16
1982 80286 32
1985 80386 32
1989 80486 32
1993 80586(Pentium) 32
1995 Pentium Pro 32
1997 Pentium II 32
1999 Ecleron and Pentium III 32
2000 Pentium IV 32
2001 Intanium 64
2003 Pentium M processor 64
2005 Pentium IV and Xeon 64
2006 Pentium D 900 64
IT245 Computer Organization & Microprocessor Page 2

Charotar University of Science & Technology
Faculty of Technology & Engineering
Department of Information Technology
Architecture
:
The internal architecture 8086 microprocessor is as shown in the fig 1.2.The 8086 CPU is divided
into two independent functional parts, the Bus interface unit (BIU) and execution unit (EU).
The Bus Interface Unit contains Bus Interface Logic, Segment registers, Memory addressing
logic and a Six byte instruction object code queue. The execution unit contains the Data and
Address registers, the Arithmetic and Logic Unit, the Control Unit and flags.
IT245 Computer Organization & Microprocessor Page 3

Charotar University of Science & Technology
Faculty of Technology & Engineering
Department of Information Technology
The BIU sends out address, fetches the instructions from memory, read data from ports and
memory, and writes the data to ports and memory. In other words the BIU handles all transfers of
data and addresses on the buses for the execution unit.
The execution unit (EU) of the 8086 tells the BIU where to fetch instructions or data from,
decodes instructions and executes instruction. The EU contains control circuitry which directs
internal operations. A decoder in the EU translates instructions fetched from memory into a series
of actions which the EU carries out. The EU is has a 16-bit ALU which can add, subtract, AND,
OR, XOR, increment, decrement, complement or shift binary numbers. The EU is decoding an
instruction or executing an instruction which does not require use of the buses.