Nursing Care of the Child with Renal and Reproductive Disorders:

Nursing Care of the Child with Renal and Reproductive DisordersNursing 4

Kidney Structure

Functions of the Renal System Forms and Excretes Urine Regulates  Fluid and electrolyte balance  Acid-base balance  Blood pressure  Calcium metabolism  Stimulates production of erythropoietin

Renal System differences between children and adults Fluid volume Kidneys less efficient Bladder capacity Stretch receptors  Size  Protection

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS NEONATAL PERIOD Poor feeding VomitingFailure to gainweightRapid respirationsFrequent urinationEnlargedkidney/bladderScreaming on urination  Poor urinary stream Jaundice Convulsions Dehydration Urosepsis

INFANCY (1 – 24 MONTHS) Poor feedingVomitingFailure to gainweightExcessive thirstFrequent urinationScreaming onurinationFoul-smelling urine  Pallor  Fever  Persistent diaper rash Dehydration Enlarged kidney/bladder

CHILDHOOD (2 – 14 years) Poor appetiteVomiting Growth failureExcessive thirstEnuresisIncontinenceFrequent urinationPainful urination  Swelling of the face  Pallor Fatigue Edema Hypertension Back pain

NURSING PROCESS  Assessment  Subtle symptoms  Delayed treatment NURSING DIAGNOSES  PLANNING  Goals relevant  Medications  Treatment/transplants

NURSING PROCESS CONTINUED  Teach parents/child about procedures  Medications ie long term steroids  Possible complications  Health maintenance care  Diet restrictions  Cultural awareness

RENAL DIAGNOSTICS Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)  Renal Biopsy  Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) KUB CT/MRI Urine Specimen Bloodwork

Enuresis Uncontrolled or unintentional urination that occurs after a child is beyond an age at which bladder control is achieved.

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