Chapter 14 CPA.docx - Question One. Until the 3rd United...

Question One.
Until the 3rd United States Congress, the Pro-Administration Party was known as the
Federalist Party was the first political party in the United States. These dates refer to the period
between 1789 and 1820. Conservatives and businessmen who supported national government
over state government and manufacturing, as well as those who favored the United Kingdom and
opposed the French Revolution, were drawn to the movement. The Federalist Party advocated for
a strong national government to encourage economic progress and good relations with the United
Kingdom, as well as to oppose revolutionary France. The Democratic-Republican opposition, led
by Thomas Jefferson, overtook the party in the federal government in 1801.
When Thomas Jefferson and James Madison formed the Democratic-Republican Party in
1792, they were attempting to counteract the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party led
by Alexander Hamilton, who served as secretary of the treasury and was the primary architect of
George Washington's presidency. When the First Party System was in place, the new party took
control of both houses of Congress and most states from 1801 until 1825. When Congress
convened in 1791, there was just one faction that rejected the new constitution. Republicanism
was the ideology that inspired the name "Republicans." They were suspicious of the Federalists'
adherence to republicanism as a political philosophy.
As one of the two major current political parties in the United States, the Democratic
Party is a close ally of the Republican Party. The modern-day Democratic Party was created
about 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, tracing its roots back to Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party. Social conservatism and economic liberalism
were previously the Democrats' primary worldviews, with populism taking precedence in the

rural South. A third-party run by Theodore Roosevelt in the Progressive "Bull Moose" Party in
1912 led to a shift in political agendas between the Democratic and Republican parties and the
election of Woodrow Wilson as the first Democratic president to advocate for more government
spending. From Roosevelt's New Deal era on, the Democratic Party has also advocated for social
liberalism and fairness as part of its program.
Midway through the nineteenth century, the Whigs in the United States were a prominent
political force. While in office, four U.S. presidents were members of the party. In the 1830s, it
rose to prominence as a major opponent of the Jacksonians. This party has ties to the Federalist
Party's more affluent traditions. Between the early 1840s to the mid-1860s, it coexisted alongside
the Democratic Party, a rival political force. It was formed in opposition to President Andrew
Jackson's policies, the Whigs advocated for a program of modernization and banking to boost
manufacturing, as well as economic protectionism.