Quiz 2 Terms – Chapters 5, 9, 10 and 16TERMDEFINITIONMotivationThe forces that influence the direction, intensity, and persistence of effort.Needs-theoriesTheories of motivation based on the premise that people are motivated by unfulfilledneeds.needsPhysiological or psychological insufficiencies that provoke some type of behaviouralresponse.Process-theoriesTheories of motivation that emphasize the nature of the interaction between the individualand their environment.Theory-XManagement assumption that workers are lazy and dislike responsibility.Theory-YManagement assumption that workers like work and will seek responsibility.Manifest-needsLearned or acquired needs that are subconscious but easily perceived by others.(nAch)Individuals motivated by a manifest need for competition, challenging goals, persistence,and overcoming difficulties.need for power(nPow)Individuals motivated by a manifest need to make an impact, influence others, changepeople or events, and make a difference.need foraffiliation (nAff)Individuals motivated by a manifest need to establish and maintain warm, closerelationships with other people.inequityWhen a person perceives that they are receiving less than they are giving, or is giving lessthan they are receiving in comparison with another.equity sensitiveAn individual who prefers an equity ratio equal to that of their comparison other.benevolentAn individual who is comfortable with an equity ratio less than that of their comparisonother.entitledAn individual who is comfortable with an equity ratio greater than that of their comparisonother.procedural justiceThe fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated in an organization.interactionaljusticeFairness in how people are treated.expectancyThe belief that effort leads to performance.instrumentalityThe belief that performance is related to outcomes.
