EXAM I
Concepts
:
Allport’s def of Social Psychology
- Social psychology is the scientific study of how the
thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or
implied presence of others.
Levels of analysis:
•
Societal (cultural)
– cultural norms, values
•
Inter-Group
– Group identity; group norms; small groups research
•
*Interpersonal
– How ppl influence/relate to one another (dyads-2); close
relationships
•
*Individual
– Personality; How ppl think and feel about social world
Applied vs. Basic Research:
•
Applied
– done to solve a problem
-
Seek knowledge that addresses socially relevant issues
•
Basic
– done to figure something out; just knowledge
-
conducted for the sake of knowledge alone
Father of psychology
– Kurt Lewin
-
Believed in action research
-
Social progress
Correlational vs. Experimental Research:
•
Correlational
– examines relationships between variables
-
Relationship can be positive or negative -> if relationship is stronger than expected
by
chance alone
, found pos. or neg. relationship
-
Positive: both increase / Negative: one increase, one decreases
-
Only shows relationship, not what causes what – there might be a 3
rd
factor
•
Experimental
– Random assignment to conditions
-
Treatment vs. Control, outcome for each is compared -> treatment can be claimed
as cause of any observed difference (effect)
Independent vs. Dependent variables:
•
Independent
– the variable that is manipulated (casual factor)
•
Dependent
– The variable that depends on the IV
-
the effect you are interested in
Experimental vs. Mundane realism:
•
Experimental
– the experiment is more involving; make a psychological impact on
them
•
Mundane
– people do things that are like everyday life
Demand characteristics – cues in the experiment that seem to “demand” certain behavior
-
Experimenters try hide their predictions
-
Standardize instructions
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Attribution theory – the study of assigning causes to behavior
•
Actor-observer bias
:
-
your
behavior is attributed to the
situation
(S-driven; “external attributions”)
-
other’s
behavior attributed to
personality
(P-driven; “internal attributions”)
•
Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE):
-
Just the observer bias part (other’ behavior is their personality)
•
Kelley’s Attribution Theory
:
-
Consistency
: How consistent is the person’s behavior in this situation?
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- Fall '08
- KILIANSKI
- Social Psychology, Cognitive Dissonance, social desirability bias, internal attributions, Social Psychology- Social, Display diff attitudes
-
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