Scientific Basis for PA-Lec01 - Exercise is MedicineTM...

Exercise is Medicine
TM
:
Scientific Basis for Physical Activity
KIN 3534 Intro Lecture
“Eating alone will not keep a man well; he must also take exercise. For
food and exercise, while possessing opposite qualities, yet work together
to produce health. For it is the nature of exercise to use up material, but
of food and drink to make good deficiencies. And it is necessary, as it
appears, to discern the power of various exercises, both natural and
artificial, to know which of them tends to increase flesh and which to
lessen it; and not only this, but also to proportion exercise to bulk of food,
to the constitution of the patient, to the age of the individual, to the
season of the year, to the changes in the winds, to the situation of the
region in which the patient resides, and to the constitution of the year”
- Hippocrates. Regimen: Book 1, 400 BC

Please Read before next Lecture
•
2008 Federal Guidelines for PA—Page 8
•
Chapters 1 and 2 in Guidelines
•
Review Preliminary Section in Resource M.
–
Focus on:
•
Chapter 3: Exercise Physiology
•
Chapter 6: CVD
•
Chapter 8: Metabolic Disease
•
Chapter 10: Legal Considerations
•
Chapters 11, 12, and 13 in Resource M.

Definitions
•
Physical activity (PA)
–
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of
skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase in
caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure
•
Exercise
–
A type of physical activity consisting of planned,
structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to
improve and/or maintain one or more components of
physical fitness
•
Physical fitness
–
A set of attributes or characteristics that individuals have
or achieve that relates to their ability to perform physical
activity

Definitions
•
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
–
Heart and blood vessel disease; includes heart attack and
stroke in addition to heart failure, arrhythmia, and heart
valve problems.
•
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
–
The buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) that can lead to a
heart attack.
•
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
–
A disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due
an inability of insulin secreted by the pancreatic beta cells
to promote glucose uptake by the tissues.
•
One of the BIGGEST problems in the U.S. to date
•
Hypertension (HTN)
–
High systolic and/ or diastolic blood pressure.

Physical Activity, Obesity, and
Diabetes Trends
BRFSS – Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
•
Survey that collects six behavioral health risk factors:
1. Smoking
2. Alcohol use
3. Physical activity
4. Diet
5. Hypertension (HTN)
6. Safety belt use
•
In 2011, > 500k interviews were conducted
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Surveillance System
available at hty://
Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m
2
)
Diabetes
<4.5% Missing data
4.5 - 5.9% 6.0 - 7.4%
7.5 - 8.9% ≥9.0%
18.0 -21.9%
<14.0%
Missing Data
14.0 - 17.9%
22.0 - 25.9% ≥26.0%
Age-adjusted Percentage of U.S. Adults Who Were Obese or
Who Had Diagnosed Diabetes
1994

CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation.