final MEMORIZE - MEMORIZE SOUND Never silent filmseven...

MEMORIZE
SOUND
 Never silent films—even prior to 1927
o Piano (mood,atmosphere)
o Orchestra
o Barkers-approximate dialogue
o People-made sound effects (coconuts)
o Sound machines allefaxe (75 sounds)
 Components of soundtrack
o Verbal
 Dialogue
 Offscreen voice
• A. narrator subjectively off screen  objectified
• B. authorative voice—never seen
 Singing
o Music
 Source-can see source on screen (eg radio)
 Underscoring/scoring-not heard by characters
• Original?
• Composite?
• Mélange of preexisting music?
• Music suitable?
• Length?
• Placement?
o Sound effects/natural sound
 Any sound not verbal or music
 Ambient sound-added to create environment
 Natural sound-on set
o Silence
 Not a negative quality, happens at most climactic times
 Use of sound
o Synchronous sound-causal relationship between sound and image
o Asynchronous sound-non causal, metaphors, voice over (avoid repetition
of information)
 E.g. image: old ladies talking sound: chickens
o Sound montages-impose sounds over each other to create meaning
 Sound-to-sound
• Compounding (sound of music)-sounds over and over each
other to create scene
• Parallel (scarface bowling alley/gun shots)-sounds on top
of each other to create a parallel and enfource other sounds
• Conflict (Dr Strangelove)-bombs exploding over love song
—2 sounds create deeper meaning

 Sound-to-image
• Analgous/parallel (Jaws)
• Diametrical (singng in the rain talkie( juxtapostion of
sound/images in odd way creates meaning
o Sound mix/hierarchy
 Average number of sounds in given image (9-10)
 Dominant sounds vs. less dominant
 Sounds come in “sizes”-volume
 “angles”-pitch
 “color”texture-voices, objects
 “move”-singing from left-right of screen
o use elements of sound to cut image
 dialogue-continues in two different places
 music-same song
 sound effects
 silence-silence
 all connect images
o choreographed image/melodeclimation
 relating movement, beat pace, and timing to sound (Saturday nigh
fever, atonement, singing in the rain)
 dialogue-pace, rhythym, beat to music-melo
o sound reveals reality doesn’t record it
 if recorded every sound it would be ugly
 SELECTION and ORDER of sounds create art
o Sound
 Intensifies image
 Interprets image-idealogical
 Directs attention to somewhere in frame (where sound is)
 Can be subject, source of a movie (citizen kane-rosebud)
 Helps understand setting/characterization
 Can be objective: hear strictly conversation or subjective: hear
characters thought not heard by other characters
 Contributes to mood/atmosphere
 Metaphor/symbol (atonement-type writing, straw dogs-bagpipes)
 Motif-word/music repeated
 Overtures-setting, conflicts, characters all in opening credits
o Lyrical interludes
 Stop plot/characterization—song occurs
• Butch Cassidy-bike ride scene
• Relates to mood of characters/times

REALISM/FORMALISM
Realism-
a. Mode of representation to convey reality
b.