1. Criminal law: defined in the book as, “an example of public law, … concerned with actionsthat are illegal based on court decisions” (Niles, 2018, p. 278). In other words, criminal law is thelaw that is controlled at the city, state, or federal level, which has to do with acts that are illegalin that area whether or not they affected a specific person. This is important to public healthbecause violations of criminal law lead to a lot of public health issues; for example, the selling ofillegal drugs such as heroine leads to drug overdoses in drug users which is a public health issue.This can also lead to the spread of HIV among the needles of these drug users, another publichealth issue; therefore a lot of criminal law not only protects people from being victimized bycrime, but it also prevents larger impacts from public health issues.2. Defensive medicine: defined in the book as, “providers often order more tests and providemore services than necessary to protect themselves from malpractice lawsuits” (Niles, 2018, p.
