KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF OPEN LEARNING
MASTER OF EDUCATION DEGREE IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
MODULE EGC 510: ISSUES IN ABNORMAL AND
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
BY
DR. THERESIA K. KINAI
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION
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This module is designed to provide our students / readers with learning materials on
issues in abnormal and clinical psychology. It is intended to broaden your
understanding of the various types of abnormality so that you can be able to recognize
them and handle them appropriately. The text is divided into thirteen lessons.
Each
lesson has several components.
It starts with an introduction to help learners to
identify the focus areas of the lesson.
This is followed by objectives to help you
organize your reading and to evaluate the extent to which you have understood the
content of the lesson.
Then there is a summary or review of the key points covered in
the lesson to help you when revising for tests and examinations.
After the summary
you find a list of key terms and their definitions.
These are followed by activities
related to the issues covered.
These activities are designed to stimulate your thinking
and deepen your understanding of the concepts discussed.
You are encouraged to do
as many activities as you can.
This will help you to understand and remember the
concepts and be able to apply this knowledge in new circumstances.
There are
student tests / discussion questions to help you review the content of the text.
Finally,
a list of references and suggestions for further reading are provided.
THERESIA K. KINAI,
Ph.D.
10
th
June, 2004.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON ONE:
DEFINITION OF ABNORMALITY, HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF ABNORMAL / CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
..............................
8
1.0
INTRODUCTION
.......................................................................................
9
1.1
OBJECTIVES
.............................................................................................
9
1.2
DEFINITION OF ABNORMALITY
.........................................................
10
1.3
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR AS PERSONAL DISTRESS
.......................
11
1.3.1
REASONS FOR CLINICAL ATTENTION
..............................................
12
1.4
HISTORICAL VIEWS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
.........................
13
1.5
THE ANCIENT WESTERN WORLD:
.....................................................
13
1.6
MIDDLE
AGES:
......................................................................................
14
1.7
THE RENAISSANCE :
.............................................................................
15
1.8
THE AGE OF REASON AND ENLIGHTENMENT:
...............................
15
1.9
THE REFORM MOVEMENT:
.................................................................
16
1.10
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ORGANIC VIEWS OF BEHAVIOUR:
..........
17
1.11
SUMMARY
..............................................................................................
18
1.12.
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
...............................................................
19
1.13
STUDENT ACTIVITY
.............................................................................
20
1.14
SELF TESTS
/
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
..........................................
20
1.15
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READING
....................
20
LESSON TWO:
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ABNORMAL
BEHAVIOUR
..............................................................................................................
21
2.0
INTRODUCTION
....................................................................................
22
2.1
OBJECTIVES
...........................................................................................
22
2.2
THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
........................................................
22
2.2.1
BIOLOGICAL CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR
......................
23
2.2.2
BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES
.....................................................................
23
2.3
THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
..............................................
24
2.3.1
PERSONALITY PROCESSES
.................................................................
24
2.3.2
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO PSYCHOANALYSIS
...............
25
2.3.3
PSYCHODYMANIC THERAPIES
..........................................................
25
2.4
BEHAVIOURAL PERSPECTIVE
«««««««««««««««
.26
2.4.2
B.F. SKINNER
««
..
«««««««««««««««««««
....
24
2.4.3
BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
........................................................................
26
2.5
THE COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
..........................................................
27
2.5.1
MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND COGNITION
««««««
.......
25
2.5.2
COGNITIVE
THERAPIES
......................................................................
27
2.6
HUMANISTIC
±
EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
...................................
28
2.6.1
