Breast Cancer Donna Stritzinger Kaplan University SC235—Biology Dr. Christopher Donnelly December 8, 2015

Overview • Introduction to Cancer • Cancer Cell Characteristics • Focus on Breast Cancer • Trends of Breast Cancer • Genetics of Breast Cancer • Risk Factors • Types of Breast Cancers • Screening • Diagnosis • Staging • Treatment • Prevention

Introduction to Cancer • What is Cancer? • Rapid growth of abnormal cells • Occur anywhere in the body • Classification of cancer • Can be malignant or benign • Metastasis • Angiogenesis Figure 1. Cancers caused by environment, genes, and lifestyle. © Copyright of Telegraph Media Group Limited 2015

Characteristics of a Cancer Cell • Large, abnormal shaped nuclei • Lack differentiation • Disorganized arrangement – causes rapid, unlimited growth • Vary in size and shape • Loss of normal features The suspected circulating cancer cell (in red with a blue nucleus) is surrounded by normal blood cells (in green with blue nuclei). Photo Credit: Scripps Clinic c c C A N C E R NORMAL NORMAL

Normal Cell • Let nutrients and oxygen in, waste out • Receive & Send signals to other cells • Cells are mortal = old cells receive a signal to “die” • Cell has a set shape & controlled growth Cancer Cell • Let nutrients and oxygen in, waste out • Incorrectly process and send wrong signals • Cells are immortal = old cells are told not to die • Change their shape & divide rapidly by disobeying signals • Have a large nucleus Normal Cell vs. Cancer Cell The fluorescence image shows the interaction between a normal nerve cell (red) and cancer cell (green) . Image Credit: Nisha D’Silva (2015)

Anatomy of the Breast  Mammary Gland  Adipose (Fat) tissue  Lobes, Lobules, & Ducts  Areola & Nipple  Lymph System  Men and Women have breasts

BREAST CANCER • What is it? • Facts • Trends in Breast Cancer • Genetics • Familial Risk • Genetic Testing • Risk Factors • Myths & Facts • Signs & Symptoms • Types of Breast Cancer • Screening • Diagnosis • Staging • Treatment & Prevention Mammogram showing an area of breast cancer. Image Courtesy of Lubbockonline.com