Introduction to Geographic Information Systems - Geographic...

Geographic Information Systems GIS
Start video GIS 1 – 10 minutes
Overview
What is a GIS and GIS map?
Why is GIS knowledge necessary for the aviation professional?
What are two digital GIS file or data storage formats that computers use to produce a
computer graphics images?
What common GIS software programs use vector graphics primarily?
What is a .shp shapefile ?
What file types are necessarily associated with (or connected to) a .shp file?
What is a GIS map?
Where does one find the necessary shapefiles for a GIS map?
What is a geographically-referenced GIS map?
What is a GIS and GIS map?
Geographic information system
Geography-based, multi-source, information in layers
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©Dr. John Cain
10/29/2016
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GIS purpose: Capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of
geographically referenced data.
( )
Layer management is critical in a GIS map. Here is simple GIS example
Example GIS map.
Exploring_the_world.mxd (ArcGIS Map Document)
But, more information than just location is included in attached databases.
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©Dr. John Cain
10/29/2016
World map with
major airports’
located graphically.
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Why is GIS knowledge necessary for the aviation professional?
GIS purpose relative to airports
FAA Airports GIS program ( )
Standard methodology for collecting and storing airport survey data into a single,
web-based repository that supports both FAA and airport needs.
Produce an electronic Airport Layout Plan (eALP).
GIS purpose relative to NextGen
Aeronautical data to meet the demands of the Next Generation National Airspace
System
Develop new instrument approach procedures
Conduct obstruction analyses
Support flight deck moving maps
1a4998c2dd207b5739a7efb60f2e6e933ed4461b.docx
©Dr. John Cain
10/29/2016
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What are two digital GIS file or data storage formats that computers use to produce a
computer graphics image?
Raster graphics image
Raster images are the more common form of computer graphic images.
Also called bitmap images.
This is a raster image.
AutoCAD® Map 3D 2008 User's Guide
Dot matrix data structure: pixels or points (bits) of color in a matrix or map.
Most often used for images like photographs and digital artwork.
For example, images from graphics and photo programs are mostly raster images.
In bitmap images you edit pixels rather than objects or shapes.
Can display subtle changes in tones and colors.
Raster images contain a fixed number of pixels, so when you magnify the image
you are magnifying the display size of the pixels. As a result, raster images can
display jagged rather than smooth edges if magnified on screen or printed at a
large magnification.