New-Hist.110-A.SEGMENT-2 - `SEGMENT 2 Ancient Medieval...

`SEGMENT 2
`SEGMENT 2
CIVILIZATION IN INDIA (to A.D. 200)
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Pre-Vedic India: 2500-1500 B.C./ Indus River/ Mohenjo-daro Harappa Civilization/
Cultural Stability/ Peaceful/ Nature Worshipping/
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Aryan Arrival Completed: 1500 B.C./ Development of Vedic India: 1500-500 B.C./
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Early Hinduism: Oldest & Most Complex/ Dyaus (Zeus) and Pitra (Jupiter)/
Brahmanism: Elaborate Sacrifices & Caste System/
Upanishads (800-300 B.C.): Intellectual Reaction to Sacrifices/Spiritual Flowering/
brahman: Universal Reality (objective world)/ atman: Soul of the Self/
samsara: Rebirth/ karma: Deeds/ dharma: Duties/ moksha: Liberation/
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Late Hinduism: 600 B.C. -300 AD)/
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Bhagavata: Devotional Approach/ the Bhagavad Gita
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Jainism (Mahavira): Opposition to Intellectualism & Ritualism/ ahimsa: Non-injury/
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Buddhism (Guatama): the Middle Way (No Indulgence or Asceticism)/
anatman: Nonsoulness/ nirvana:
The Four Noble Truths/ the Eightfold Path: (Right) Views, Intentions,
Speech, Action, Livelihood, Effort, Mindfulness, Concentration/
Theravada (“Exclusive Way”) versus Mahayana (“Expansive Way”) Buddhism/
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Ashoka (~ 250 B.C.): Spread of Buddhism/
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Gupta Era (-320-540 A.D.): Revival of Hinduism in India/
CIVILIZATION IN CHINA (to A.D. 200)
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Yellow and Yangtze
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Shang Dynasty: (-1500-1000 B.C.)/ Capital Anyang & Zhengzhou/
The "Mandate of Heaven": Ideological Justification to Rule/
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Zhou Dynasty (-1000-221 B.C.) Capital Louyang/
Adoption of Shang Culture/ Cities/ Use of Iron as a Tool in Agriculture/
Challenge of Vast Territory/ Creation of Small Feudal States/ One Supreme God/
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Era of Warring States (420-221 BC): Last 200 years o Zhou Dynasty/
Disintegration of Chinese Political Organization and Three Solutions:
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Birth of Chinese Philosophy/ Syncretistic Nature/ Balance of