RES Class Test 5 definitions.docx - RES Class Test 5:...

RES Class Test 5: Chapter 14 and 15
Chapter 14: Summarizing Research Data-Descriptive Statistics
1. Descriptive statistics: The type of statistical analysis focused on
describing, summarizing, or explaining a set of data.
2. Inferential statistics: The type of statistical analysis focused on
making inferences about populations based on sample data.
3. Data set: A set of data where the rows are “cases” and the columns
are “variables”.
4. Frequency distribution: Data arrangement in which the frequencies
of each unique data value is shown.
5. Bar graph: Graph that uses vertical bars to represent the data
values of a categorical variable.
6. Histogram: Graph depicting frequencies and distribution of a
quantitative variable.
7. Line graph: A graph relying on the drawing of one or more lines
connecting data points.
8. Scatterplot: A graphical depiction of the relationship between two
quantitative variables.
9. Measure of central tendency: Numerical value expressing what is
typical of the values of a quantitative variable.
10. Mode: The most frequently occurring number.
11. Median: The centre point in an ordered set of numbers.
12. Mean: The arithmetic average.
13. Measure of variability: Numerical value expressing how spread
out or how much variation is present in the values of a quantitative
variable.
14. Range: The highest number minus the lowest number.
15. Variance: The average deviation of data values from their
mean in squared units.
16. Standard deviation: The square root of the variance.
17. Normal distribution: A theoretical distribution that follows the
68, 95, 99.7 percent rule.
18. 68, 95, 99.7 percent rule: Rule stating percentage of cases
falling within 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations from the mean on a
normal distribution.
19. Z score: A score that has been transformed into standard
deviation units.
20. Unstandardized difference between means: The difference
between two means in the variables’ natural units.
21. Cohen’s d: The difference between two means in standard
deviation units.