Med Surge II exam 1Emergency surgerysurgery that must be done immediately to save a patient’s life, limb, orability to functionUrgent surgerysurgery that must be done within 24 to 48 hours to prevent permanentinjury to the patient or deathElective surgerysurgery that may be necessary but can be planned around thepatient’s and surgeon’s scheduleAmbulatory (outpatient) surgerysurgery usually performed in 1 day, with the patient being admitted tothe ambulatory surgical center (ASC) in the morning and dischargedafter acceptable recovery criteria have been metExploratory (diagnostic) surgerysurgery performed to obtain a diagnosis and possible resolutionAblative surgerysurgery to remove tissue from an organ or area of the bodyPalliative surgery—surgery performed to decrease pain or symptoms in patients sufferingfrom incurable illnessesReconstructive surgerysurgery to restore function or a defect in an area of the bodyCosmetic surgerysurgery to change or revise an area or structure of the bodyMinimally invasive surgerysurgery performed through very small openings in the skin, usinginstruments through with the surgeon can visualize the area such as alaparoscopeTelesurgery or robotic surgery
surgery performed from a location other than the surgical suite, by useof robotic equipmentpreoperative phasepatient’s first impression of the surgical settingThe preoperative phase commences when the decision for surgery ismade and ends when the patient is transferred to the surgical suiteDuring this time, the preoperative nurse takes on a multitude of roles,includingoEducatoroAdvocatoroadmittance nurseThe nurse’s main priority is to complete a preoperative checklistPreoperative checklistA full medical history (including prescription, over the counter, herbal,and other alternative therapies)Assessment of the patient’s health statusCollection of information and paperwork necessary for intraoperativeand postoperative careCompletion of preoperative orders (IV antibiotics, thromboembolicdeterrent [TED] hose, etc.)Patient education regarding the entire surgical processVerifying the patient and a witness signed the informed consentThe initial time-out— “pause for cause”—when the patient verifies:All information on the identification band as correctThe name of the surgeonThe procedure that will be completed by the surgeonThe correct side of the body on which the surgery will occur if this is aunilateral procedureInformed consent
when a patient autonomously and cognitively grants permission to aprovider to perform a surgical procedure after considering allalternatives, benefits, and risks of the procedureit is the nurse’s responsibility to ensure that the patient has all theinformation needed to make an informed decision about the procedurebeing offeredIt is important for the preoperative nurse to understand that everypatient has the right to refuse a surgical intervention even when deathis a risk of refusal of treatmentIn the eyes of the law, treatment without consent is not allowed evenat the risk of deathComponents of consents include:Consent for the procedure itself, which should include the followinginformation:oName of surgery, type of surgery, and reason for the surgeryoName of the surgeon to perform the surgeryoReason that intervention will benefit the patient
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Term
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