government Ch 3 notes - Kelly Nicosia Reily Janson Clay...

Kelly Nicosia, Reily Janson, Clay Samford, David Baker
“The Carbon-Based Entities”
Chapter 3
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Block grants- federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support
broad programs in areas such as community development and social services
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Cooperative Federalism-a system of gov’t in which powers and policy assignments are shared
between states and the nat’l gov’t, they may also share costs, administration, and even blame for
programs that work poorly, 1940- present
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Elastic Clause- the final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes
Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out enumerated powers
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Extradition- a legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of
one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
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Fiscal federalism- the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is
the cornerstone of the nat’l gov’ts relations with state and local gov’ts, helps states
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Full Faith and Credit clause-a clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each
state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states
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Implied Powers- powers of the federal gov’t that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution,
the Constitution states that Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for
carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article I
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Intergovernmental relations-the workings of the federal system- the entire ser of interactions
among national, state, and local gov’ts
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Categorical grants- federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or “categories”, of
state and local spending, they come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions
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