Study Guide Quiz 3 - Study Guide Quiz 3 Sex vs Gender Sex...

Study Guide Quiz 3
Sex vs. Gender
Sex is the biological and anatomical differences distinguishing males from females, while gender refers to
the social expectations about behavior regarded as appropriate for the members of each sex. Gender is
socially formed traits of masculinity and femininity.
Gender Socialization is the learning of gender roles through the agents of socialization such as family,
school, and the media.
Gender Roles vary from culture to culture, and they are socially created. Social Construction of Gender is
the learning of gender roles through socialization and interactions with others. We “do gender” in daily
interaction with others – how we present ourselves as male or female through our choice of behavior,
hairstyles, and tone of voice
Patriarchy is the dominance of men over women. All known societies are patriarchal, although there are
variations in the degree and nature of the power men exercise, as compared with women. One of the
prime objectives of women’s movements in modern societies is to combat existing patriarchal
institutions.
Glass ceiling is a promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility within an organization
more prevalent in male-dominated occupations and professions. They need powerful “speakers” to
intervene on their behalf – show their true value to open doors. Glass Escalator – men in female
positions. They benefit from unfair rise within an organization and may face invisible pressures to move
up
Second Shift is the work women do after work such as housework and childcare, which is why women
work longer hours than men in most countries. It appears that women’s job opportunities are hampered
mainly by male prejudices. So long as most of the population take it for granted that parenting cannot be
shared on an equal basis by both women and men, the problems facing women employees will persist.
Male managers still discriminate based on the fact that women still have to juggle families and work.
Because of persistent discrimination, higher unemployment, and lower wages, women represent 60% of
the world’s 550 million working poor; in the developing countries, it is worse. They remain in the poorest
paying industrial and service sector jobs in all countries. Mothers less likely to be hired than non-
mothers with same experience and qualifications
Prejudice and discrimination prejudice is the holding of preconceived ideas about an individual or
group, ideas that are resistant to change even in the face of new information. Discrimination – behavior
that treats members of a group unequally; denies a group access to resources or rewards. Discrimination
must be distinguished from prejudice: individuals who are prejudiced against others may not engage in
discriminatory practices against them; conversely, people may act in a discriminatory fashion toward a
group even though they are not prejudiced against a group.

Scapegoats individuals or groups blamed for wrongs that were not their doing. Scapegoating is common
when two deprived ethnic groups come into competition with one another for economic rewards.