The Prince pdf.pdf - World's Classics XLIII THE PRINCE BY NICCOL6 MACHIAVELLI THE PRINCE BY NICCOL6 MACHIAVELLI TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY LUIGI

World's Classics XLIII THE PRINCE BY NICCOL6MACHIAVELLI

THE PRINCE BY NICCOL6 MACHIAVELLI TRANSLATEDINTO ENGLISH BY LUIGI RICCI HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDONEDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORKTORONTO MELBOURNE CAPETOWN BOMBAY CALCUTTAANDMADRAS

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI Born, FlorenceMay 3, 1469 Died, Florence June 22, 1527 Thepresent translationofMachiavelli's * Prince ' was first published in 'The World's Classics' in 1903, and reprinted in 1909 and 1921. (OCTI6 ^943 PrintedinEnglandby theGardenCityPress, Letchworth.

PREFACE *> OF allMachiavelli'sworks ThePrince is undoubtedly the greatest ; aiid anew Englishedition of it is likely tohewelcometo all those who havenotthe advantageofreadingit in the classical Italian original. Foratrue appreciation of Machiavelli, impossible inabriefPreface, I must refer theEnglish reader to Macaulay's Essay on theItalian historian and statesman. Init he will seehow our Author's ideas andwork were wrongfullyand wilfully misinter- preted bythe very men who, while profiting by his wisdom, havewith greatingratitude criticised the statesman anddefamedhisname,as that of the inventorofthe worst political systemever imagined. Yet, ashis wholelifewasan indefatigable and un- remitting endeavour tosecurefor his native Florence agoodand popular government, andashe lost his great office of Secretary to the Florentine Republic onaccount of his avowed liberal opinions, it is not onlyunjust butridiculous to accuse him of helping tyrantsto enslave thepeople. What hedidwas to showin themost deliberate and in theplainest way thearts by which free peoples were made slaves ; and, hadhis words of advice been alwaysheeded, notyrantin Italy or elsewhere could havebeen successful in his policy. Thathe wasnot listened to, andhis advice scorned and spurned, was not Machiavelli's fault.

vi NICCOLO MACHIAVELL1 Those who stillsharethe opinion of hisinterested detractorsshouldread his private correspondence withtheleadersofliberal ideasin Italy manyof his lettersbeingstillleft unpublished in the MS. Collection of GiulianoRicciin the National Library, in the RiccardianaLibrary (No.2467), inthe Government Archives(Strozzi, Nos. 133 and 1028) ofFlorence,intheBarberini Library, and in the Collezione Gonnelli ofthePalatine Library in Rome. LUIGTRICCI 22 ALBKMARLE STREET, LONDON,W.

CONTENTS NICCOLOMACHIAVELL1TO LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT CHAP. PAGE 1. The various kinds of Government and the ways by which they are established . 3 2.Of Hereditary Monarchies... 4 3. Of Mixed Monarchies .... 5 4 Why the Kingdomof Darius, occupied by Alexander, didnot rebel against the successors ofthelatterafterhis death . 14 5. The waytogovern Cities or Dominions that,previoustobeing occupied, lived under theirown Laws .... 18 6. Of New Dominionswhich havebeen ac- quired by one's own Arms and Powers . 20 7. Of New Dominionsacquired by the Power of othersor by Fortune ...24 8. Ofthosewho have attained theposition of Princeby villainy .... 32 9. Of the Civic Principality . ' .37 10.How the strength ofall States shouldbe measured ...... 41 11. Of Ecclesiastical Principalities . , 44 12. The differentkinds of Militia andMer- cenarySoldiers 47 vii

viii NICCOLOMACHIAVELLI CHAP.PAGE 13.