ACUTE RENAL PRESENTATIONS.ppt - ACUTE RENAL FAILURE Dr....

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Dr. Ayesha Khan
(Community Medicine)

Learning Objectives
•
Explain the etiology, clinical features and
presentation of acute renal failure.
•
Describe the steps of management of a patient with
anuria and oliguria
•
Identify the patients needing referral for specialist
care in primary health.

INTRODUCTION
•
Acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury, is a
rapid decline in renal function with an increase in serum
creatinine (a relative increase of 50%) and markedly reduced
glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
It may be oligouric, anuric or non-oligouric.

INCIDENCE
•
Acute renal failure affects approximately 1% of
patients on hospital admission, 2-5% during hospital
stay and 10% of cases occur in isolation.
•
In the United States, the annual incidence of acute
renal failure is 100 cases for every million people. It’s
diagnosed in 1% of hospital admissions. Hospital-
acquired acute renal failure occurs in 4% of all
admitted patients and 20% of patients who are
admitted to critical care units
.

Risk Factors
•
Diabetes
•
Hypertension
•
Cardiovascular disease
•
Chronic liver disease
•
Obesity
•
Sepsis
•
Shock
•
Nephrotoxins (NSAIDs, ARBs, contrast)
•
Anemia
•
Advancing age