1. What are the essential parts of a signaling pathway?
(1)
The initial signal
(2)
The receptor that binds the signal
(3)
The signaling molecule or molecules that transmit the message
(4)
The effector or effectors that result in a short-term or long-term cellular change
2. How could activating a transcription factor cause long-term cellular changes?
3. What roles can phosphorylation play in protein function?
4. What is the enzymatic activity of a kinase and of a phosphatase?
