●Had to make 100,000 appointments●The Republican Party under Hayes suffered division.○Stalwarts who favored traditional, machine politics v. the Half-Breeds whofavored reform.○Both sides wanted more patronage.●1880: James A. Garfield (half-breed), president; Chester A. Arthur (Stalwart), vicepresident●Garfield challenged the Stalwarts○Fought with political boss Roscoe Conkling over civil service reform●He was assassinated in July of 1881 by a Stalwart●Arthur, a long time ally of Conkling, defied the Stalwarts and pushed for reform●Congress passed the Pendleton Act, which required that some federal jobs be filled bycompetitive written examinations rather than patronage.Cleveland, Harrison, and the Tariff●Grover Cleveland won the election of 1884.●Opposed politicians, pressure groups, and Tammany Hall.●Embodied the common view that the federal government could and should do much●Questioned the wisdom of protective tariffs●Asked Congress to reduce tariff○Democrats in the House approved○Republicans did not and passed their own bill to raise the tariff.
