PPT_Chapter_20 - Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents Chapter 20 Copyright 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkins Types of Anxiolytic and

PPT_Chapter_20 - Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents Chapter 20...

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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents Chapter 20
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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Types of Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents • Anxiolytics – Prevent feelings of tension or fear • Sedatives – Calm and make patients unaware of the environment • Hypnotics – Cause sleep • Minor Tranquilizers – Produce a state of tranquility in anxious patients
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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Psychological States Affected by Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs • Anxiety – Feeling of tension, nervousness, apprehension, or fear involving unpleasant reactions to a stimulus • Sedation – Loss of awareness and reaction to environmental stimuli • Hypnosis – Extreme sedation resulting in further CNS depression and sleep
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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Sites of Action of Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates and Other Anxiolytics
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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Benzodiazepine: Action • Act in the limbic system and the RAS • Make GABA more effective • Causes interference with neurons firing • Lower doses cause anxiolytic effects • Higher doses cause sedation and hypnosis
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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Benzodiazepine: Indications • Anxiety disorders • Alcohol withdrawal • Hyperexcitability and agitation • Preoperative relief of anxiety and tension
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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Benzodiazepine: Pharmacokinetics • Well absorbed from GI tract • Peak levels achieved in 30 minutes to 2 hours • Lipid soluble and distributes well throughout the body • Cross placenta • Enter breast milk • Metabolized in the liver • Excretion is primarily in the urine
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Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Benzodiazepine: Contraindications and Cautions • Allergy to benzodiazepine • Psychosis • Acute narrow angle glaucoma • Shock • Coma • Acute alcohol intoxication • Pregnancy
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