Chapter+9_cell-communication notes - BIOLOGY 325: Inquiries...

BIOLOGY 325: Inquiries in Biological Science
Chapter 9 Notes

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Cell
Communication
Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Propagation of the Signal
Response to the Signal
Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms
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• Introduction
•
Forms of Signaling
•
Types of Receptors
•
Signaling Molecules
Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
Cell Communication > Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
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• The ability of cells to communicate through chemical signals originated in single
cells and was essential for the evolution of multicellular organisms.
• In multicellular organisms, cells send and receive chemical messages constantly
to coordinate the actions of distant organs, tissues, and cells.
• Cells can receive a message, transfer the information across the plasma
membrane, and then produce changes within the cell in response to the
message.
• Single-celled organisms, like yeast and bacteria, communicate with each other to
aid in mating and coordination.
•
Cellular communication has developed as a means to communicate with the
environment, produce biological changes, and, if necessary, ensure survival.
Introduction
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Communication is Key
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Cell Communication > Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

• Cells communicate via various types of signaling that allow chemicals to travel to
target sites in order to elicit a response.
• Paracrine signaling occurs between local cells where the signals elicit quick
responses and last only a short amount of time due to the degradation of the
paracrine ligands.
• Endocrine signaling occurs between distant cells and is mediated by hormones
released from specific endocrine cells that travel to target cells, producing a
slower, long-lasting response.
• Autocrine signals are produced by signaling cells that can also bind to the ligand
that is released, which means the signaling cell and the target cell can be the
same or a similar cell.
• Direct signaling can occur by transferring signaling molecules across gap
junctions between neighboring cells.
Forms of Signaling
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Forms of Chemical Signaling
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Cell Communication > Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors