Ideal_Gas_Law_Lab - Title Ideal Gas Law and Gas...

Title: Ideal Gas Law and Gas Stoichiometry Lab
Purpose:
To determine the percent yield of carbon dioxide gas produced by a
chemical reaction using the Ideal gas law.
Introduction:
In chemistry, calculations that relate quantities of substances are known
as stoichiometry problems. Stoichiometry is a study of the quantitative
or measurable relationships that exists in chemical formulas and
chemical reactions. Solving stoichiometry problems involve interpreting a
balanced chemical equation in terms of moles using coefficients.
The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the relative
number of particles ( atoms, molecules, ions ,) involved in the reactions
and the relative number of moles. In this experiment, baking soda will
react with hydrochloric acid to yield a salt, water and carbon dioxide gas.
The HCl acid is in excess in the reaction so that the moles of CO
2
gas
produced may be determined from the moles of the NaHCO
3
that react.
The gas laws you have learned such as Boyle’s, Charles, and Avogadro’s
relate one of the four variables of P,V,T, and n to another variable. The
proportionalities can be combined to derive an equation called the Ideal
gas law , given by the equation PV = nRT .
In the equation, P = gas pressure, V = gas volume, n = number of gas
moles, T = Kelvin Temperature and R = a proportionality constant.
The Ideal gas law equation describes the physical behavior of an ideal
gas in terms of the above variables. An “ideal” gas follows the gas laws
at all conditions of P and T. The particles of an ideal gas have no volume
or size and there is no attraction between them. Ideal gases do not exist.
However, at many conditions of moderate temperature and pressure real
gases behave very much like ideal gases. Real gases differ most from
an ideal gas at low temperatures and high pressures. During this
experiment you will determine the number of moles of CO
2
gas formed
during a chemical reaction using the ideal gas law. In addition, you will
determine the percent yield of CO
2