Globalization
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For other uses, see
Globalization (disambiguation)
.
Globalization
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Globalization
or
globalisation
(see
spelling differences
) is the process of international integration
arising from the interchange of
world views
, products, ideas, and other aspects of
culture
.
[1]
Advances
in
transportation
(such as the
steam locomotive
,
steamship
,
jet engine
, and
container ships
) and
in
telecommunications
infrastructure (including the rise of the
telegraph
and its modern offspring,
the
Internet
and
mobile phones
) have been major factors in globalization, generating
further
interdependence
of
economic
and cultural activities.
[2]
[3]
[4]
Though many scholars place
the
origins of globalization
in
modern times
, others trace its history long before the
European
Age of
Discovery
and voyages to the
New World
, some even to the third millennium BC.
[5]
[6]
Large-scale
globalization began in the 1820s.
[7]
In the late 19th century and early 20th century, the connectivity of
the world's economies and cultures grew very quickly., The term
globalization
is recent, only
establishing its current meaning in the 1970s.
[8]
In 2000, the
International Monetary Fund
(IMF)
identified four basic aspects of
globalization:
trade
and
transactions
,
capital
and
investment
movements,
migration
and movement
of people, and the dissemination of knowledge.
[9]
Further, environmental challenges such as
global
warming
, cross-boundary
water
and
air pollution
, and
overfishing
of the ocean are linked with
globalization.
[10]
Globalizing processes affect and are affected by
business
and
work
organization,
economics, socio-cultural resources, and the
natural environment
. Academic literature commonly
subdivides globalization into three major areas:
economic globalization
,
cultural globalization
,
and
political globalization
.
[11]
Contents
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1
Etymology and usage
