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Lecture_March_02

Lecture_March_02 - The central nervous system The...

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The central nervous system • The development of the neural tube • Establishement of a multilayered central nervous system • Differentiation of neurons
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I. Formation of the Neural Tube ventral Movie: neurulation in Xenopus
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Primary neurulation (most parts of body) Neural plate Neural fold Neural tube ectoderm Neural Crest cells
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1. Neural induction dissociated ectodermal cells that normally give rise to epidermis neural tissue gastrula In the absence of inhibitory signals, the default fate for an ectodermal cell is to become a neural cell. a. Inhibitory signals
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TGF- β -family proteins (e.g.BMP-4) function as inhibitory signals to prevent neural development. epithelial cell neural cell ectodermal cell BMP4
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b. Disinhibition: the role of positive signals Fig. 4.16, p114, Wolpert Conclusion: Dorsal mesoderm produces neuralizing signals.
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-Noggin and Chordin BMP4 Dorsal mesoderm ectoderm a. BMP4 prevents ectoderm from forming neural tissue.
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